-
Laura Belli
Non-tenured Assistant Professor
email: laura.belli[at]unipr.it
mailing address:
Department of Engineering and Architecture
Parco Area delle Scienze, 181/A
I-43124 ParmaLaura Belli was born in Fiorenzuola d’Arda, on April 14th, 1984 and currently is a Fixed-term Assistant Professor at the University of Parma.
She received the Dr. Ing. degree (Master) in Computer Engineering from the University of Parma in 2011.
In 2015, he received his Ph.D. at the Department of Information Engineering of the same university with a thesis entitled “Efficient Data Management with Applications to IoT”.
Since January 2013, he is a member of the Internet of Things Lab (IoTLab) (ex Wireless Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks Laboratory – WASNLab) at the Department of Engineering and Architecture of the University of Parma. -
- Internet of Things
- Smart Systems
- Database integration
- Mobile computing
- Cloud computing
2019
Luca Davoli; Laura Belli; Gianluigi Ferrari
Enhancing Security in a Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things Through Blockchain Book Chapter
In: Kecskemeti, Gabor (Ed.): Applying Integration Techniques and Methods in Distributed Systems and Technologies, pp. 104-133, IGI Global, Hershey, PA, 2019, ISBN: 978-152-25-8295-3.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is foreseeing the development of our environment towards new enriched spaces in most areas of modern living, such as digital health, smart cities, and smart agriculture. Several IoT applications also have real-time and low-latency requirements and must rely on specific architectures. The authors refer to the paradigm that best fits the selected IoT scenario as “Big Stream” because it considers real-time constraints. Moreover, the blockchain concept has drawn attention as the next-generation technology through the authentication of peers that share encryption and the generation of hash values. In addition, the blockchain can be applied in conjunction with Cloud Computing and the IoT paradigms, since it avoids the involvement of third parties in a broker-free way. In this chapter, an analysis on mechanisms that can be adopted to secure Big Stream data in a graph-based platform, thus delivering them to consumers in an efficient and secure way, and with low latency, is shown, describing all refinements required employing federation-based and blockchain paradigms.Antonio Cilfone; Luca Davoli; Laura Belli; Gianluigi Ferrari
Wireless Mesh Networking: An IoT-Oriented Perspective Survey on Relevant Technologies Journal Article
In: Future Internet, vol. 11, no. 4, 2019, ISSN: 1999-5903.
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The Internet of Things (IoT), being a "network of networks", promises to allow billions of humans and machines to interact with each other. Owing to this rapid growth, the deployment of IoT-oriented networks based on mesh topologies is very attractive, thanks to their scalability and reliability (in the presence of failures). In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of the following relevant wireless technologies: IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15.4-oriented, and Sub-GHz-based LoRa. Our goal is to highlight how various communication technologies may be suitable for mesh networking, either providing a native support or being adapted subsequently. Hence, we discuss how these wireless technologies, being either standard or proprietary, can adapt to IoT scenarios (e.g., smart cities and smart agriculture) in which the heterogeneity of the involved devices is a key feature. Finally, we provide reference use cases involving all the analyzed mesh-oriented technologies.Luca Davoli; Antonio Cilfone; Laura Belli; Gianluigi Ferrari
Design and experimental performance analysis of a B.A.T.M.A.N.-based double Wi-Fi interface mesh network Journal Article
In: Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 92, pp. 593-603, 2019, ISSN: 0167-739X.
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abstract = {Mesh networks and, in particular, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are gaining a growing interest because of their scalability, robustness, and ease of deployment. These characteristics make WMNs suitable for several applications, such as distributed sensing, monitoring, and public safety. In this paper, we describe a novel WMN implementation based on the use of low-cost double Wi-Fi interface embedded IoT-oriented devices. At each node, one interface provides external connectivity, whereas the other interface is used to create a mesh backbone. On the mesh side, the Better Approach To Mobile Ad-hoc Networking (B.A.T.M.A.N.) routing algorithm is used to route the traffic flows from external clients (possibly towards an Internet gateway), which can be IoT nodes and/or mobile nodes (e.g., smartphones and tablets). After providing a description of the architecture and relevant implementation details, we carry out an extensive experimental campaign to evaluate the WMN performance, especially in terms of the trade-off between throughput and number of hops.},
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Mesh networks and, in particular, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are gaining a growing interest because of their scalability, robustness, and ease of deployment. These characteristics make WMNs suitable for several applications, such as distributed sensing, monitoring, and public safety. In this paper, we describe a novel WMN implementation based on the use of low-cost double Wi-Fi interface embedded IoT-oriented devices. At each node, one interface provides external connectivity, whereas the other interface is used to create a mesh backbone. On the mesh side, the Better Approach To Mobile Ad-hoc Networking (B.A.T.M.A.N.) routing algorithm is used to route the traffic flows from external clients (possibly towards an Internet gateway), which can be IoT nodes and/or mobile nodes (e.g., smartphones and tablets). After providing a description of the architecture and relevant implementation details, we carry out an extensive experimental campaign to evaluate the WMN performance, especially in terms of the trade-off between throughput and number of hops.2018
Laura Belli; Simone Cirani; Luca Davoli; Gianluigi Ferrari; Lorenzo Melegari; Màrius Montón; Marco Picone
A Scalable Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things Book Section
In: Fog Computing: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice, pp. 25-53, IGI Global, Hershey, PA, USA, 2018, ISBN: 9781522556497.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) will consist of billions (50 billions by 2020) of interconnected heterogeneous devices denoted as "Smart Objects:" tiny, constrained devices which are going to be pervasively deployed in several contexts. To meet low-latency requirements, IoT applications must rely on specific architectures designed to handle the gigantic stream of data coming from Smart Objects. This paper propose a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications that can efficiently handle data coming from Smart Objects through a Graph-based processing platform and deliver processed data to consumer applications with low latency. The authors reverse the traditional "Big Data" paradigm, where real-time constraints are not considered, and introduce the new "Big Stream" paradigm, which better fits IoT scenarios. The paper provides a performance evaluation of a practical open-source implementation of the proposed architecture. Other practical aspects, such as security considerations, and possible business oriented exploitation plans are presented.Luca Davoli; Laura Belli; Antonio Cilfone; Gianluigi Ferrari
From Micro to Macro IoT: Challenges and Solutions in the Integration of IEEE 802.15.4/802.11 and Sub-GHz Technologies Journal Article
In: IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 784-793, 2018, ISSN: 2327-4662.
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Research efforts in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) are providing solutions in building new types of “network of networks,” going beyond the technological barriers due to intrinsic limitations of the constrained devices typically used in this context. Thanks to the improvement in communication/networking protocols and the hardware cost reduction, it is now possible to define new IoT architectures, combining the “micro” IoT paradigm, based on short-range radio technologies (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11), with the rising “macro” IoT paradigm, based on sub-GHz radio technologies. This allows the implementation of scalable network architectures, able to collect data coming from constrained devices and process them in order to provide useful services and applications to final consumers. In this paper, we focus on practical integration between micro and macro IoT approaches, providing architectural and performance details for a set of experimental tests carried out in the campus of the University of Parma. We then discuss challenges and solutions of the proposed micro–macro integrated IoT systems.Luca Davoli; Laura Belli; Luca Veltri; Gianluigi Ferrari
THORIN: an Efficient Module for Federated Access and Threat Mitigation in Big Stream Cloud Architectures Journal Article
In: IEEE Cloud Computing, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 38-48, 2018, ISSN: 2325-6095.
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In order to make cloud services attractive for several IT organizations, it is necessary to provide access control and to implement safe and reliable mechanisms of Identity and Access Management (IAM). In this work, we focus on security issues and challenges in the design and implementation of cloud architectures and, in particular, for the management of Big Stream applications in Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios. The proposed work introduces a new set of modules allowing a federated access control policy for cloud users. An analysis of possible threats and attacks against the proposed Big Stream platform is presented, investigating the system performance in terms of detection and elimination of malicious nodes. In particular, we propose a new module, denoted as Traffic Handler Orchestrator & Rapid Intervention (THORIN), which is very efficient in counteracting botnet-based threats.2016
Luca Davoli; Laura Belli; Antonio Cilfone; Gianluigi Ferrari
Integration of Wi-Fi mobile nodes in a Web of Things Testbed Journal Article
In: ICT Express, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 96 - 99, 2016, ISSN: 2405-9595, (Special Issue on ICT Convergence in the Internet of Things (IoT)).
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is supposed to connect billions of devices to the Internet through IP-based communications. The main goal is to foster a rapid deployment of Web-enabled everyday objects, allowing end users to manage and control smart things in a simple way, by using Web browsers. This paper focuses on the integration of Wi-Fi nodes, hosting HTTP resources, into a Web of Things Testbed (WoTT). The main novelty of the proposed approach is that the WoTT integrates new nodes by using only standard mechanisms, allowing end-users to interact with all Smart Objects without worrying about protocol-specific details.Laura Belli; Simone Cirani; Luca Davoli; Gianluigi Ferrari; Lorenzo Melegari; Marco Picone
Applying Security to a Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things Journal Article
In: International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies (IJDST), vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 37-58, 2016, ISSN: 1947-3532.
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abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to interconnect billions (around 50 by 2020) of heterogeneous sensor/actuator-equipped devices denoted as Smart Objects (SOs), characterized by constrained resources in terms of memory, processing, and communication reliability. Several IoT applications have real-time and low-latency requirements and must rely on architectures specifically designed to manage gigantic streams of information (in terms of number of data sources and transmission data rate). We refer to Big Stream as the paradigm which best fits the selected IoT scenario, in contrast to the traditional Big Data concept, which does not consider real-time constraints. Moreover, there are many security concerns related to IoT devices and to the Cloud. In this paper, we analyze security aspects in a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications, which efficiently handles Big Stream data through a Graph-based platform and delivers processed data to consumers, with low latency. The authors detail each module defined in the system architecture, describing all refinements required to make the platform able to secure large data streams. An experimentation is also conducted in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture when integrating security mechanisms.},
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to interconnect billions (around 50 by 2020) of heterogeneous sensor/actuator-equipped devices denoted as Smart Objects (SOs), characterized by constrained resources in terms of memory, processing, and communication reliability. Several IoT applications have real-time and low-latency requirements and must rely on architectures specifically designed to manage gigantic streams of information (in terms of number of data sources and transmission data rate). We refer to Big Stream as the paradigm which best fits the selected IoT scenario, in contrast to the traditional Big Data concept, which does not consider real-time constraints. Moreover, there are many security concerns related to IoT devices and to the Cloud. In this paper, we analyze security aspects in a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications, which efficiently handles Big Stream data through a Graph-based platform and delivers processed data to consumers, with low latency. The authors detail each module defined in the system architecture, describing all refinements required to make the platform able to secure large data streams. An experimentation is also conducted in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture when integrating security mechanisms.Michele Amoretti; Laura Belli; Francesco Zanichelli
UTravel: Smart mobility with a novel user profiling and recommendation approach Journal Article
In: Pervasive and Mobile Computing, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 474-489, 2016.
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abstract = {The exponentially growing availability of online information calls for personalized search and recommendation. Such systems provide recommendations typically based on user profiles built taking into account user actions. Not yet fully explored, is the domain of context-aware recommendation. In this article, we introduce a novel approach, where user profiling and context-based data filtering both concur to recommendation production. Based on the aforementioned approach, UTravel is a smart mobility application that recommends points of interest (POIs) to end users. After describing the UTravel architecture and implementation, we present the results of an experimental evaluation we carried out involving both simulated and real users.},
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The exponentially growing availability of online information calls for personalized search and recommendation. Such systems provide recommendations typically based on user profiles built taking into account user actions. Not yet fully explored, is the domain of context-aware recommendation. In this article, we introduce a novel approach, where user profiling and context-based data filtering both concur to recommendation production. Based on the aforementioned approach, UTravel is a smart mobility application that recommends points of interest (POIs) to end users. After describing the UTravel architecture and implementation, we present the results of an experimental evaluation we carried out involving both simulated and real users.2015
Laura Belli; Simone Cirani; Luca Davoli; Andrea Gorrieri; Mirko Mancin; Marco Picone; Gianluigi Ferrari
Design and Deployment of an IoT Application-Oriented Testbed Journal Article
In: Computer, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 32-40, 2015, ISSN: 0018-9162.
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The global reach and extreme heterogeneity of the Internet of Things present major application development challenges. Using the same Web-based approach underlying the Internet's evolution into the IoT, the Web of Things Testbed provides a stable, open, dynamic, and secure infrastructure to simplify application design and testing.Laura Belli; Simone Cirani; Luca Davoli; Gianluigi Ferrari; Lorenzo Melegari; Màrius Montón; Marco Picone
A Scalable Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things Journal Article
In: International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering (IJSSOE), vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 26-53, 2015, ISSN: 1947-3052.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) will consist of billions (50 billions by 2020) of interconnected heterogeneous devices denoted as “Smart Objects:” tiny, constrained devices which are going to be pervasively deployed in several contexts. To meet low-latency requirements, IoT applications must rely on specific architectures designed to handle the gigantic stream of data coming from Smart Objects. This paper propose a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications that can efficiently handle data coming from Smart Objects through a Graph-based processing platform and deliver processed data to consumer applications with low latency. The authors reverse the traditional “Big Data” paradigm, where real-time constraints are not considered, and introduce the new “Big Stream” paradigm, which better fits IoT scenarios. The paper provides a performance evaluation of a practical open-source implementation of the proposed architecture. Other practical aspects, such as security considerations, and possible business oriented exploitation plans are presented.Laura Belli; Simone Cirani; Luca Davoli; Lorenzo Melegari; Màrius Montón; Marco Picone
An Open-Source Cloud Architecture for Big Stream IoT Applications Book Section
In: Žarko, Ivana Podnar; Pripužić, Krešimir; Serrano, Martin (Ed.): Interoperability and Open-Source Solutions for the Internet of Things (International Workshop, FP7 OpenIoT Project, Held in Conjunction with SoftCOM 2014, Split, Croatia, September 18, 2014, Invited , vol. 9001, pp. 73-88, Springer International Publishing, 2015, ISBN: 978-3-319-16545-5.
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abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is shaping to a worldwide network of networks consisting of billions of interconnected heterogeneous sensor/actuator-equipped devices (denoted as "things" or "smart objects"), which are expected to exceed 50 billions by 2020. Smart objects, which will be pervasively deployed, are constrained devices with i) limited processing power and available memory and ii) limited communication capabilities, in terms of transmission rate and reliability. Future Smart-X applications, such as Smart Cities and Home Automation, will be fostered by the use of standard and interoperable IP-based communication protocols that smart objects are going to implement, by simplifying their development, integration, and deployment. Smart-X applications will significantly differ from traditional Internet services, in terms of: i) the number of data sources; ii) rate of information exchange; and, iii) need for real-time processing. Because of these requirements, such services are denoted as "Big Stream" applications, in order to distinguish them from traditional Big Data applications. In this paper, we present an implementation of a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications based on standard protocols and open-source components, which provides a scalable and efficient processing platform for IoT applications, designed to be open and extensible and to guarantee minimal latency between data generation and consumption. We also provide a performance evaluation based on experimentation in a real-world Smart Parking scenario, to assess the feasibility and scalability of the proposed architecture.},
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is shaping to a worldwide network of networks consisting of billions of interconnected heterogeneous sensor/actuator-equipped devices (denoted as "things" or "smart objects"), which are expected to exceed 50 billions by 2020. Smart objects, which will be pervasively deployed, are constrained devices with i) limited processing power and available memory and ii) limited communication capabilities, in terms of transmission rate and reliability. Future Smart-X applications, such as Smart Cities and Home Automation, will be fostered by the use of standard and interoperable IP-based communication protocols that smart objects are going to implement, by simplifying their development, integration, and deployment. Smart-X applications will significantly differ from traditional Internet services, in terms of: i) the number of data sources; ii) rate of information exchange; and, iii) need for real-time processing. Because of these requirements, such services are denoted as "Big Stream" applications, in order to distinguish them from traditional Big Data applications. In this paper, we present an implementation of a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications based on standard protocols and open-source components, which provides a scalable and efficient processing platform for IoT applications, designed to be open and extensible and to guarantee minimal latency between data generation and consumption. We also provide a performance evaluation based on experimentation in a real-world Smart Parking scenario, to assess the feasibility and scalability of the proposed architecture.2014
Laura Belli; Simone Cirani; Gianluigi Ferrari; Lorenzo Melegari; Marco Picone
A Graph-based cloud architecture for big stream real-time applications in the Internet of Things Proceedings Article
In: 2nd International Workshop on CLoud for IoT (CLIoT 2014), Manchester, United Kingdom, September 2014, 2014.
@inproceedings{cliot14BigStream,
title = {A Graph-based cloud architecture for big stream real-time applications in the Internet of Things},
author = {Laura Belli and Simone Cirani and Gianluigi Ferrari and Lorenzo Melegari and Marco Picone},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-09-06},
booktitle = {2nd International Workshop on CLoud for IoT (CLIoT 2014), Manchester, United Kingdom, September 2014},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Laura Belli
-
Laura Belli
Non-tenured Assistant Professor
email: laura.belli[at]unipr.it
mailing address:
Department of Engineering and Architecture
Parco Area delle Scienze, 181/A
I-43124 ParmaLaura Belli was born in Fiorenzuola d’Arda, on April 14th, 1984 and currently is a Fixed-term Assistant Professor at the University of Parma.
She received the Dr. Ing. degree (Master) in Computer Engineering from the University of Parma in 2011.
In 2015, he received his Ph.D. at the Department of Information Engineering of the same university with a thesis entitled “Efficient Data Management with Applications to IoT”.
Since January 2013, he is a member of the Internet of Things Lab (IoTLab) (ex Wireless Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks Laboratory – WASNLab) at the Department of Engineering and Architecture of the University of Parma. -
- Internet of Things
- Smart Systems
- Database integration
- Mobile computing
- Cloud computing
2019
Enhancing Security in a Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things Through Blockchain Book Chapter
In: Kecskemeti, Gabor (Ed.): Applying Integration Techniques and Methods in Distributed Systems and Technologies, pp. 104-133, IGI Global, Hershey, PA, 2019, ISBN: 978-152-25-8295-3.
Wireless Mesh Networking: An IoT-Oriented Perspective Survey on Relevant Technologies Journal Article
In: Future Internet, vol. 11, no. 4, 2019, ISSN: 1999-5903.
Design and experimental performance analysis of a B.A.T.M.A.N.-based double Wi-Fi interface mesh network Journal Article
In: Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 92, pp. 593-603, 2019, ISSN: 0167-739X.
2018
A Scalable Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things Book Section
In: Fog Computing: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice, pp. 25-53, IGI Global, Hershey, PA, USA, 2018, ISBN: 9781522556497.
From Micro to Macro IoT: Challenges and Solutions in the Integration of IEEE 802.15.4/802.11 and Sub-GHz Technologies Journal Article
In: IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 784-793, 2018, ISSN: 2327-4662.
THORIN: an Efficient Module for Federated Access and Threat Mitigation in Big Stream Cloud Architectures Journal Article
In: IEEE Cloud Computing, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 38-48, 2018, ISSN: 2325-6095.
2016
Integration of Wi-Fi mobile nodes in a Web of Things Testbed Journal Article
In: ICT Express, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 96 - 99, 2016, ISSN: 2405-9595, (Special Issue on ICT Convergence in the Internet of Things (IoT)).
Applying Security to a Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things Journal Article
In: International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies (IJDST), vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 37-58, 2016, ISSN: 1947-3532.
UTravel: Smart mobility with a novel user profiling and recommendation approach Journal Article
In: Pervasive and Mobile Computing, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 474-489, 2016.
2015
Design and Deployment of an IoT Application-Oriented Testbed Journal Article
In: Computer, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 32-40, 2015, ISSN: 0018-9162.
A Scalable Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things Journal Article
In: International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering (IJSSOE), vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 26-53, 2015, ISSN: 1947-3052.
An Open-Source Cloud Architecture for Big Stream IoT Applications Book Section
In: Žarko, Ivana Podnar; Pripužić, Krešimir; Serrano, Martin (Ed.): Interoperability and Open-Source Solutions for the Internet of Things (International Workshop, FP7 OpenIoT Project, Held in Conjunction with SoftCOM 2014, Split, Croatia, September 18, 2014, Invited , vol. 9001, pp. 73-88, Springer International Publishing, 2015, ISBN: 978-3-319-16545-5.
2014
A Graph-based cloud architecture for big stream real-time applications in the Internet of Things Proceedings Article
In: 2nd International Workshop on CLoud for IoT (CLIoT 2014), Manchester, United Kingdom, September 2014, 2014.