Laura Belli

@article{Davoli_2020,

title = {On Driver Behavior Recognition for Increased Safety: A Roadmap},

author = {Luca Davoli and Marco Martalò and Antonio Cilfone and Laura Belli and Gianluigi Ferrari and Roberta Presta and Roberto Montanari and Maura Mengoni and Luca Giraldi and Elvio G. Amparore and Marco Botta and Idilio Drago and Giuseppe Carbonara and Andrea Castellano and Johan Plomp},

doi = {10.3390/safety6040055},

issn = {2313-576X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-24},

journal = {Safety},

volume = {6},

number = {4},

pages = {1-33},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADASs) are used for increasing safety in the automotive domain, yet current ADASs notably operate without taking into account drivers’ states, e.g., whether she/he is emotionally apt to drive. In this paper, we first review the state-of-the-art of emotional and cognitive analysis for ADAS: we consider psychological models, the sensors needed for capturing physiological signals, and the typical algorithms used for human emotion classification. Our investigation highlights a lack of advanced Driver Monitoring Systems (DMSs) for ADASs, which could increase driving quality and security for both drivers and passengers. We then provide our view on a novel perception architecture for driver monitoring, built around the concept of Driver Complex State (DCS). DCS relies on multiple non-obtrusive sensors and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for uncovering the driver state and uses it to implement innovative Human–Machine Interface (HMI) functionalities. This concept will be implemented and validated in the recently EU-funded NextPerception project, which is briefly introduced.},

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@article{Belli2020,

title = {IoT-Enabled Smart Sustainable Cities: Challenges and Approaches},

author = {Laura Belli and Antonio Cilfone and Luca Davoli and Gianluigi Ferrari and Paolo Adorni and Francesco Di Nocera and Alessandro Dall'Olio and Cristina Pellegrini and Marco Mordacci and Enzo Bertolotti},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2624-6511/3/3/52},

doi = {10.3390/smartcities3030052},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-18},

journal = {Smart Cities},

volume = {3},

pages = {1039-1071},

abstract = {The ongoing diffusion of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is opening new possibilities, and one of the most remarkable applications is associated with the smart city paradigm, which is continuously evolving. In general, it can be defined as the integration of IoT and Information Communication Technologies (ICT) into city management, with the aim of addressing the exponential growth of urbanization and population, thus significantly increasing people’s quality of life. The smart city paradigm is also strictly connected to sustainability aspects, taking into account, for example, the reduction of environmental impact of urban activities, the optimized management of energy resources, and the design of innovative services and solution for citizens. Abiding by this new paradigm, several cities started a process of strong innovation in different fields (such as mobility and transportation, industry, health, tourism, and education), thanks to significant investments provided by stakeholders and the European Commission (EC). In this paper, we analyze key aspects of an IoT infrastructure for smart cities, outlining the innovations implemented in the city of Parma (Emilia Romagna region, Italy) as a successful example. Special attention is dedicated to the theme of smart urban mobility.},

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@article{mamebeda:2019:maco,

title = {Internet of Things e Industria 4.0. Un case study di successo di digital manufacturing},

author = {Pier Luigi Marchini and Alice Medioli and Laura Belli and Luca Davoli},

url = {http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/Scheda_rivista.aspx?idArticolo=65143},

doi = {10.3280/MACO2019-003002},

issn = {2239-4397},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-12-19},

journal = {Management Control},

number = {3},

pages = {11-34},

abstract = {The value creation through production is currently shaped by Industry 4.0, whose paradigm aims at improving industry management and business processes. Through a case study, this research describes the renovation steps, in a manufac-turing environment. The research aims to study how the introduction of digital in-novation helps in making more efficient and time saving production (RQ1), as well as in increasing product quality, enabling on time detection of non-conformity (RQ2). At theoretical level, the research aims to close the gap between the Internet of Things (IoT) application and real-word aspects, analyzing how an industry 4.0 transformation could be modelled and implemented. At managerial level, the study shows how IoT technologies and process digitalization should provide ad-vantages in terms of cost reduction, product quality control, allowing continuous collection of heterogeneous data useful to optimize the production further.},

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@article{bedamemafe:2019:frontiers,

title = {Toward Industry 4.0 With IoT: Optimizing Business Processes in an Evolving Manufacturing Factory},

author = { Laura Belli and Luca Davoli and Alice Medioli and Pier Luigi Marchini and Gianluigi Ferrari},

doi = {10.3389/fict.2019.00017},

issn = {2297-198X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-08-28},

journal = {Frontiers in ICT},

volume = {6},

pages = {17},

abstract = {Research advances in the last decades have allowed the introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) concepts in several industrial application scenarios, leading to the so-called Industry 4.0 or Industrial IoT (IIoT). The Industry 4.0 has the ambition to revolutionize industry management and business processes, enhancing the productivity of manufacturing technologies through field data collection and analysis, thus creating real-time digital twins of industrial scenarios. Moreover, it is vital for companies to be as "smart" as possible and to adapt to the varying nature of the digital supply chains. This is possible by leveraging IoT in Industry 4.0 scenarios. In this paper, we describe the renovation process, guided by things2i s.r.l., a cross-disciplinary engineering-economic spin-off company of the University of Parma, which a real manufacturing industry is undergoing over consecutive phases spanning a few years. The first phase concerns the digitalization of the control quality process, specifically related to the company's production lines. The use of paper sheets containing different quality checks has been made smarter through the introduction of a digital, smart, and Web-based application, which is currently supporting operators and quality inspectors working on the supply chain through the use of smart devices. The second phase of the IIoT evolution - currently on-going - concerns both digitalization and optimization of the production planning activity, through an innovative Web-based planning tool. The changes introduced have led to significant advantages and improvement for the manufacturing company, in terms of: (i) impressive cost reduction; (ii) better products quality control; (iii) real-time detection and reaction to supply chain issues; (iv) significant reduction of the time spent in planning activity; and (v) resources employment optimization, thanks to the minimization of unproductive setup times on production lines. These two renovation phases represent a basis for possible future developments, such us the integration of sensor-based data on the operational status of production machines and the currently available warehouse supplies. In conclusion, the Industry 4.0-based on-going digitization process guided by things2i allows to continuously collect heterogeneous Human-to-Things (H2T) data, which can be used to optimize the partner manufacturing company as a whole entity.},

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@article{cidabefe:2019:futureinternet,

title = {Wireless Mesh Networking: An IoT-Oriented Perspective Survey on Relevant Technologies},

author = {Antonio Cilfone and Luca Davoli and Laura Belli and Gianluigi Ferrari},

url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/4/99},

doi = {10.3390/fi11040099},

issn = {1999-5903},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-04-17},

journal = {Future Internet},

volume = {11},

number = {4},

abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT), being a "network of networks", promises to allow billions of humans and machines to interact with each other. Owing to this rapid growth, the deployment of IoT-oriented networks based on mesh topologies is very attractive, thanks to their scalability and reliability (in the presence of failures). In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of the following relevant wireless technologies: IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15.4-oriented, and Sub-GHz-based LoRa. Our goal is to highlight how various communication technologies may be suitable for mesh networking, either providing a native support or being adapted subsequently. Hence, we discuss how these wireless technologies, being either standard or proprietary, can adapt to IoT scenarios (e.g., smart cities and smart agriculture) in which the heterogeneity of the involved devices is a key feature. Finally, we provide reference use cases involving all the analyzed mesh-oriented technologies.},

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@article{dacibefe:2019:fgcs,

title = {Design and experimental performance analysis of a B.A.T.M.A.N.-based double Wi-Fi interface mesh network},

author = {Luca Davoli and Antonio Cilfone and Laura Belli and Gianluigi Ferrari},

doi = {10.1016/j.future.2018.02.015},

issn = {0167-739X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Future Generation Computer Systems},

volume = {92},

pages = {593-603},

abstract = {Mesh networks and, in particular, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are gaining a growing interest because of their scalability, robustness, and ease of deployment. These characteristics make WMNs suitable for several applications, such as distributed sensing, monitoring, and public safety. In this paper, we describe a novel WMN implementation based on the use of low-cost double Wi-Fi interface embedded IoT-oriented devices. At each node, one interface provides external connectivity, whereas the other interface is used to create a mesh backbone. On the mesh side, the Better Approach To Mobile Ad-hoc Networking (B.A.T.M.A.N.) routing algorithm is used to route the traffic flows from external clients (possibly towards an Internet gateway), which can be IoT nodes and/or mobile nodes (e.g., smartphones and tablets). After providing a description of the architecture and relevant implementation details, we carry out an extensive experimental campaign to evaluate the WMN performance, especially in terms of the trade-off between throughput and number of hops.},

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@article{dabecife:iotj:2018,

title = {From Micro to Macro IoT: Challenges and Solutions in the Integration of IEEE 802.15.4/802.11 and Sub-GHz Technologies},

author = {Luca Davoli and Laura Belli and Antonio Cilfone and Gianluigi Ferrari},

url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8024171/},

doi = {10.1109/JIOT.2017.2747900},

issn = {2327-4662},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-04-01},

journal = {IEEE Internet of Things Journal},

volume = {5},

number = {2},

pages = {784-793},

abstract = {Research efforts in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) are providing solutions in building new types of “network of networks,” going beyond the technological barriers due to intrinsic limitations of the constrained devices typically used in this context. Thanks to the improvement in communication/networking protocols and the hardware cost reduction, it is now possible to define new IoT architectures, combining the “micro” IoT paradigm, based on short-range radio technologies (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11), with the rising “macro” IoT paradigm, based on sub-GHz radio technologies. This allows the implementation of scalable network architectures, able to collect data coming from constrained devices and process them in order to provide useful services and applications to final consumers. In this paper, we focus on practical integration between micro and macro IoT approaches, providing architectural and performance details for a set of experimental tests carried out in the campus of the University of Parma. We then discuss challenges and solutions of the proposed micro–macro integrated IoT systems.},

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@article{dabevefe:2018:ccm,

title = {THORIN: an Efficient Module for Federated Access and Threat Mitigation in Big Stream Cloud Architectures},

author = {Luca Davoli and Laura Belli and Luca Veltri and Gianluigi Ferrari},

url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8327545/},

doi = {10.1109/MCC.2018.011791713},

issn = {2325-6095},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-03-28},

journal = {IEEE Cloud Computing},

volume = {5},

number = {1},

pages = {38-48},

abstract = {In order to make cloud services attractive for several IT organizations, it is necessary to provide access control and to implement safe and reliable mechanisms of Identity and Access Management (IAM). In this work, we focus on security issues and challenges in the design and implementation of cloud architectures and, in particular, for the management of Big Stream applications in Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios. The proposed work introduces a new set of modules allowing a federated access control policy for cloud users. An analysis of possible threats and attacks against the proposed Big Stream platform is presented, investigating the system performance in terms of detection and elimination of malicious nodes. In particular, we propose a new module, denoted as Traffic Handler Orchestrator & Rapid Intervention (THORIN), which is very efficient in counteracting botnet-based threats.},

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tppubtype = {article}

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@article{Davoli201696,

title = {Integration of Wi-Fi mobile nodes in a Web of Things Testbed},

author = {Luca Davoli and Laura Belli and Antonio Cilfone and Gianluigi Ferrari},

editor = {Yacine Ghamri-Doudane and Yeong Min Jang and Daeyoung Kim and Hossam Hassanein and JaeSeung Song},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959516300637},

doi = {10.1016/j.icte.2016.07.001},

issn = {2405-9595},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-08-05},

journal = {ICT Express},

volume = {2},

number = {3},

pages = {96 - 99},

abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is supposed to connect billions of devices to the Internet through IP-based communications. The main goal is to foster a rapid deployment of Web-enabled everyday objects, allowing end users to manage and control smart things in a simple way, by using Web browsers. This paper focuses on the integration of Wi-Fi nodes, hosting HTTP resources, into a Web of Things Testbed (WoTT). The main novelty of the proposed approach is that the WoTT integrates new nodes by using only standard mechanisms, allowing end-users to interact with all Smart Objects without worrying about protocol-specific details.},

note = {Special Issue on ICT Convergence in the Internet of Things (IoT)},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

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@article{becidafemepi2016,

title = {Applying Security to a Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things},

author = {Laura Belli and Simone Cirani and Luca Davoli and Gianluigi Ferrari and Lorenzo Melegari and Marco Picone},

doi = {10.4018/IJDST.2016010103},

issn = {1947-3532},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-14},

journal = {International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies (IJDST)},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

pages = {37-58},

publisher = {IGI Global},

abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to interconnect billions (around 50 by 2020) of heterogeneous sensor/actuator-equipped devices denoted as “Smart Objects” (SOs), characterized by constrained resources in terms of memory, processing, and communication reliability. Several IoT applications have real-time and low-latency requirements and must rely on architectures specifically designed to manage gigantic streams of information (in terms of number of data sources and transmission data rate). We refer to “Big Stream” as the paradigm which best fits the selected IoT scenario, in contrast to the traditional “Big Data” concept, which does not consider real-time constraints. Moreover, there are many security concerns related to IoT devices and to the Cloud. In this paper, we analyze security aspects in a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications, which efficiently handles Big Stream data through a Graph-based platform and delivers processed data to consumers, with low latency. The authors detail each module defined in the system architecture, describing all refinements required to make the platform able to secure large data streams. An experimentation is also conducted in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture when integrating security mechanisms.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

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@article{amoretti2016utravel,

title = {UTravel: Smart mobility with a novel user profiling and recommendation approach},

author = {Michele Amoretti and Laura Belli and Francesco Zanichelli},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574119216301341},

doi = {10.1016/j.pmcj.2016.08.008},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Pervasive and Mobile Computing},

volume = {38},

number = {2},

pages = {474-489},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {The exponentially growing availability of online information calls for personalized search and recommendation. Such systems provide recommendations typically based on user profiles built taking into account user actions. Not yet fully explored, is the domain of context-aware recommendation. In this article, we introduce a novel approach, where user profiling and context-based data filtering both concur to recommendation production. Based on the aforementioned approach, UTravel is a smart mobility application that recommends points of interest (POIs) to end users. After describing the UTravel architecture and implementation, we present the results of an experimental evaluation we carried out involving both simulated and real users.},

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@article{ieee-computer-sep2015-testbed,

title = {Design and Deployment of an IoT Application-Oriented Testbed},

author = {Laura Belli and Simone Cirani and Luca Davoli and Andrea Gorrieri and Mirko Mancin and Marco Picone and Gianluigi Ferrari},

url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7274422},

doi = {10.1109/MC.2015.253},

issn = {0018-9162},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-09-23},

journal = {Computer},

volume = {48},

number = {9},

pages = {32-40},

abstract = {The global reach and extreme heterogeneity of the Internet of Things present major application development challenges. Using the same Web-based approach underlying the Internet's evolution into the IoT, the Web of Things Testbed provides a stable, open, dynamic, and secure infrastructure to simplify application design and testing.},

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@article{belli2015scalable,

title = {A Scalable Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things},

author = {Laura Belli and Simone Cirani and Luca Davoli and Gianluigi Ferrari and Lorenzo Melegari and Màrius Montón and Marco Picone},

doi = {10.4018/IJSSOE.2015100102},

issn = {1947-3052},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-09-04},

journal = {International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering (IJSSOE)},

volume = {5},

number = {4},

pages = {26-53},

publisher = {IGI Global},

abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) will consist of billions (50 billions by 2020) of interconnected heterogeneous devices denoted as “Smart Objects:” tiny, constrained devices which are going to be pervasively deployed in several contexts. To meet low-latency requirements, IoT applications must rely on specific architectures designed to handle the gigantic stream of data coming from Smart Objects. This paper propose a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications that can efficiently handle data coming from Smart Objects through a Graph-based processing platform and deliver processed data to consumer applications with low latency. The authors reverse the traditional “Big Data” paradigm, where real-time constraints are not considered, and introduce the new “Big Stream” paradigm, which better fits IoT scenarios. The paper provides a performance evaluation of a practical open-source implementation of the proposed architecture. Other practical aspects, such as security considerations, and possible business oriented exploitation plans are presented.},

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