2019
|
Luca Davoli; Luca Veltri; Gianluigi Ferrari; Umberto Amadei Internet of Things on Power Line Communications: An Experimental Performance Analysis Book Chapter Kabalci, Ersan; Kabalci, Yasin (Ed.): Smart Grids and Their Communication Systems, Chapter 13, pp. 465-498, Springer Singapore, Singapore, 1, 2019, ISBN: 978-981-13-1768-2. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @inbook{davefeam:2019,
title = {Internet of Things on Power Line Communications: An Experimental Performance Analysis},
author = {Luca Davoli and Luca Veltri and Gianluigi Ferrari and Umberto Amadei},
editor = {Ersan Kabalci and Yasin Kabalci},
url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1768-2_13
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-981-13-1768-2_13},
doi = {10.1007/978-981-13-1768-2_13},
isbn = {978-981-13-1768-2},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-09-02},
booktitle = {Smart Grids and Their Communication Systems},
pages = {465-498},
publisher = {Springer Singapore},
address = {Singapore},
edition = {1},
chapter = {13},
series = {Energy Systems in Electrical Engineering},
abstract = {The giant information exchange enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, i.e. by a "network of networks" of smart and connected devices, will likely exploit electrical lines as a ready-to-use infrastructure. Power Line Communications (PLC) have received a significant attention in the last decade, as electrical lines are not used as simple energy supply media, but as information carriers. Among the different aspects of PLC-based architectures, an interesting and important analysis have to be reserved to security aspects that should be adopted in similar infrastructures, having that they are crucial to deliver trustworthy and reliable systems and, hence, to support users relying on available services, especially in case in which they should be inherently secure at the physical level (e.g. against unauthorised signal removal/interruption and eavesdropping, since they are difficult and dangerous). Motivated by the relevant impact of PLC on IoT, in this chapter we investigate experimentally the performance of IoT systems on PLC in indoor environments, considering a vendor-provided application tool and a self-developed Java library. The experimental tests are carried out on both cold and hot electrical lines, evaluating both fixed-size and variable-length power lines. Our results show that IoT-oriented PLC can reach a throughput of 8 kbps on a 300-m cold line and of 6 kbps on a 300-m hot line. Further experimental efforts will be oriented to performance analyses in presence of the adoption of security measures.},
keywords = {},
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The giant information exchange enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, i.e. by a "network of networks" of smart and connected devices, will likely exploit electrical lines as a ready-to-use infrastructure. Power Line Communications (PLC) have received a significant attention in the last decade, as electrical lines are not used as simple energy supply media, but as information carriers. Among the different aspects of PLC-based architectures, an interesting and important analysis have to be reserved to security aspects that should be adopted in similar infrastructures, having that they are crucial to deliver trustworthy and reliable systems and, hence, to support users relying on available services, especially in case in which they should be inherently secure at the physical level (e.g. against unauthorised signal removal/interruption and eavesdropping, since they are difficult and dangerous). Motivated by the relevant impact of PLC on IoT, in this chapter we investigate experimentally the performance of IoT systems on PLC in indoor environments, considering a vendor-provided application tool and a self-developed Java library. The experimental tests are carried out on both cold and hot electrical lines, evaluating both fixed-size and variable-length power lines. Our results show that IoT-oriented PLC can reach a throughput of 8 kbps on a 300-m cold line and of 6 kbps on a 300-m hot line. Further experimental efforts will be oriented to performance analyses in presence of the adoption of security measures. |
Luca Davoli; Antonio Cilfone; Laura Belli; Gianluigi Ferrari Design and experimental performance analysis of a B.A.T.M.A.N.-based double Wi-Fi interface mesh network Journal Article Future Generation Computer Systems, 92 , pp. 593-603, 2019, ISSN: 0167-739X. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @article{dacibefe:2019:fgcs,
title = {Design and experimental performance analysis of a B.A.T.M.A.N.-based double Wi-Fi interface mesh network},
author = {Luca Davoli and Antonio Cilfone and Laura Belli and Gianluigi Ferrari},
doi = {10.1016/j.future.2018.02.015},
issn = {0167-739X},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Future Generation Computer Systems},
volume = {92},
pages = {593-603},
abstract = {Mesh networks and, in particular, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are gaining a growing interest because of their scalability, robustness, and ease of deployment. These characteristics make WMNs suitable for several applications, such as distributed sensing, monitoring, and public safety. In this paper, we describe a novel WMN implementation based on the use of low-cost double Wi-Fi interface embedded IoT-oriented devices. At each node, one interface provides external connectivity, whereas the other interface is used to create a mesh backbone. On the mesh side, the Better Approach To Mobile Ad-hoc Networking (B.A.T.M.A.N.) routing algorithm is used to route the traffic flows from external clients (possibly towards an Internet gateway), which can be IoT nodes and/or mobile nodes (e.g., smartphones and tablets). After providing a description of the architecture and relevant implementation details, we carry out an extensive experimental campaign to evaluate the WMN performance, especially in terms of the trade-off between throughput and number of hops.},
keywords = {},
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tppubtype = {article}
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Mesh networks and, in particular, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are gaining a growing interest because of their scalability, robustness, and ease of deployment. These characteristics make WMNs suitable for several applications, such as distributed sensing, monitoring, and public safety. In this paper, we describe a novel WMN implementation based on the use of low-cost double Wi-Fi interface embedded IoT-oriented devices. At each node, one interface provides external connectivity, whereas the other interface is used to create a mesh backbone. On the mesh side, the Better Approach To Mobile Ad-hoc Networking (B.A.T.M.A.N.) routing algorithm is used to route the traffic flows from external clients (possibly towards an Internet gateway), which can be IoT nodes and/or mobile nodes (e.g., smartphones and tablets). After providing a description of the architecture and relevant implementation details, we carry out an extensive experimental campaign to evaluate the WMN performance, especially in terms of the trade-off between throughput and number of hops. |
2018
|
Luca Davoli; Mattia Antonini; Gianluigi Ferrari DiRPL: A RPL-Based Resource and Service Discovery Algorithm for 6LoWPANs Journal Article Applied Sciences, 9 (1), 2018, ISSN: 2076-3417, (Special Issue IoT for Smart Cities). Abstract | Links | BibTeX @article{davoli:2019:applsci,
title = {DiRPL: A RPL-Based Resource and Service Discovery Algorithm for 6LoWPANs},
author = {Luca Davoli and Mattia Antonini and Gianluigi Ferrari},
url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/1/33},
doi = {10.3390/app9010033},
issn = {2076-3417},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-22},
journal = {Applied Sciences},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) will bring together billions of devices, denoted as Smart Objects (SOs), in an Internet-like architecture. Typically, SOs are embedded devices with severe constraints in terms of processing capabilities, available memory (RAM/ROM), and energy consumption. SOs tend to be deployed in environments in which the human intervention is not suitable or needs to be minimized (e.g., smart city maintenance). They must adapt to the surrounding environment by self-configuring: to this end, several mechanisms have been proposed (e.g., UPnP, ZeroConf, etc.). In this paper, we focus on IEEE 802.15.4 networks with IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) adaptation layer, where IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is the routing protocol of choice. In this context, we propose a lightweight RPL-based mechanism to Resource Discovery (RD) and Service Discovery (SD), denoted as DiRPL. In particular, DiRPL exploits the RPL handshake to detect new nodes in the network; resources are then simply discovered with a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) request and can thus be published in a local resource directory. A very attractive feature of the proposed DiRPL approach is that it builds on well-defined and well-known standard protocols. The performance of the proposed system is investigated with WisMote nodes deployed inside the Cooja simulator, running the Contiki operating system. Practical application scenarios to large-scale smart city monitoring, such as smart lighting and large-scale water consumption monitoring, are investigated.},
note = {Special Issue IoT for Smart Cities},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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The Internet of Things (IoT) will bring together billions of devices, denoted as Smart Objects (SOs), in an Internet-like architecture. Typically, SOs are embedded devices with severe constraints in terms of processing capabilities, available memory (RAM/ROM), and energy consumption. SOs tend to be deployed in environments in which the human intervention is not suitable or needs to be minimized (e.g., smart city maintenance). They must adapt to the surrounding environment by self-configuring: to this end, several mechanisms have been proposed (e.g., UPnP, ZeroConf, etc.). In this paper, we focus on IEEE 802.15.4 networks with IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) adaptation layer, where IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is the routing protocol of choice. In this context, we propose a lightweight RPL-based mechanism to Resource Discovery (RD) and Service Discovery (SD), denoted as DiRPL. In particular, DiRPL exploits the RPL handshake to detect new nodes in the network; resources are then simply discovered with a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) request and can thus be published in a local resource directory. A very attractive feature of the proposed DiRPL approach is that it builds on well-defined and well-known standard protocols. The performance of the proposed system is investigated with WisMote nodes deployed inside the Cooja simulator, running the Contiki operating system. Practical application scenarios to large-scale smart city monitoring, such as smart lighting and large-scale water consumption monitoring, are investigated. |
Luca Davoli; Yanina Protskaya; Luca Veltri NEMO: A Flexible Java-based Network Emulator Inproceedings 2018 26th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), pp. 1-6, 2018, ISSN: 1847-358X. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @inproceedings{daprve:softcom:2018,
title = {NEMO: A Flexible Java-based Network Emulator},
author = {Luca Davoli and Yanina Protskaya and Luca Veltri},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8555769},
doi = {10.23919/SOFTCOM.2018.8555769},
issn = {1847-358X},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-03},
booktitle = {2018 26th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM)},
pages = {1-6},
abstract = {Network emulation provides the capability to evaluate applications on standalone systems, representing a trade-off between real infrastructures and simulators, providing a lowlayer virtual network, and yet allowing real high-layer application code to be executed. Moreover, network emulation is useful to study and evaluate the behavior of applications in different conditions(maybe sometimes difficult to reach in real networks), in turn allowing a rapid deployment of hybrid real hardware/virtual network topologies. In this paper, a modular, flexible and highly scalable Java-based network emulator, denoted as NEMO, is proposed. NEMO can be integrated with external open-source Java applications or used as a virtualization mechanism, able to run third-party Java binary applications on a virtual node attached to either a virtual network or a real external network, in a completely transparent way for the end-user. Moreover, NEMO allows to plug in user-defined network components and run virtual networks composed by millions of nodes on a single end-user machine, as well as on a distributed infrastructure.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
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Network emulation provides the capability to evaluate applications on standalone systems, representing a trade-off between real infrastructures and simulators, providing a lowlayer virtual network, and yet allowing real high-layer application code to be executed. Moreover, network emulation is useful to study and evaluate the behavior of applications in different conditions(maybe sometimes difficult to reach in real networks), in turn allowing a rapid deployment of hybrid real hardware/virtual network topologies. In this paper, a modular, flexible and highly scalable Java-based network emulator, denoted as NEMO, is proposed. NEMO can be integrated with external open-source Java applications or used as a virtualization mechanism, able to run third-party Java binary applications on a virtual node attached to either a virtual network or a real external network, in a completely transparent way for the end-user. Moreover, NEMO allows to plug in user-defined network components and run virtual networks composed by millions of nodes on a single end-user machine, as well as on a distributed infrastructure. |
Laura Belli; Simone Cirani; Luca Davoli; Gianluigi Ferrari; Lorenzo Melegari; Màrius Montón; Marco Picone A Scalable Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things Incollection Fog Computing: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice, pp. 25-53, IGI Global, Hershey, PA, USA, 2018, ISBN: 9781522556497. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @incollection{becidafememopi:2018:igi,
title = {A Scalable Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things},
author = {Laura Belli and Simone Cirani and Luca Davoli and Gianluigi Ferrari and Lorenzo Melegari and Màrius Montón and Marco Picone},
url = {https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5649-7.ch002},
doi = {10.4018/978-1-5225-5649-7.ch002},
isbn = {9781522556497},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-04},
booktitle = {Fog Computing: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice},
pages = {25-53},
publisher = {IGI Global},
address = {Hershey, PA, USA},
abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) will consist of billions (50 billions by 2020) of interconnected heterogeneous devices denoted as "Smart Objects:" tiny, constrained devices which are going to be pervasively deployed in several contexts. To meet low-latency requirements, IoT applications must rely on specific architectures designed to handle the gigantic stream of data coming from Smart Objects. This paper propose a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications that can efficiently handle data coming from Smart Objects through a Graph-based processing platform and deliver processed data to consumer applications with low latency. The authors reverse the traditional "Big Data" paradigm, where real-time constraints are not considered, and introduce the new "Big Stream" paradigm, which better fits IoT scenarios. The paper provides a performance evaluation of a practical open-source implementation of the proposed architecture. Other practical aspects, such as security considerations, and possible business oriented exploitation plans are presented.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
The Internet of Things (IoT) will consist of billions (50 billions by 2020) of interconnected heterogeneous devices denoted as "Smart Objects:" tiny, constrained devices which are going to be pervasively deployed in several contexts. To meet low-latency requirements, IoT applications must rely on specific architectures designed to handle the gigantic stream of data coming from Smart Objects. This paper propose a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications that can efficiently handle data coming from Smart Objects through a Graph-based processing platform and deliver processed data to consumer applications with low latency. The authors reverse the traditional "Big Data" paradigm, where real-time constraints are not considered, and introduce the new "Big Stream" paradigm, which better fits IoT scenarios. The paper provides a performance evaluation of a practical open-source implementation of the proposed architecture. Other practical aspects, such as security considerations, and possible business oriented exploitation plans are presented. |
Luca Davoli; Laura Belli; Luca Veltri; Gianluigi Ferrari THORIN: an Efficient Module for Federated Access and Threat Mitigation in Big Stream Cloud Architectures Journal Article IEEE Cloud Computing, 5 (1), pp. 38-48, 2018, ISSN: 2325-6095. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @article{dabevefe:2018:ccm,
title = {THORIN: an Efficient Module for Federated Access and Threat Mitigation in Big Stream Cloud Architectures},
author = {Luca Davoli and Laura Belli and Luca Veltri and Gianluigi Ferrari},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8327545/},
doi = {10.1109/MCC.2018.011791713},
issn = {2325-6095},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-28},
journal = {IEEE Cloud Computing},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {38-48},
abstract = {In order to make cloud services attractive for several IT organizations, it is necessary to provide access control and to implement safe and reliable mechanisms of Identity and Access Management (IAM). In this work, we focus on security issues and challenges in the design and implementation of cloud architectures and, in particular, for the management of Big Stream applications in Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios. The proposed work introduces a new set of modules allowing a federated access control policy for cloud users. An analysis of possible threats and attacks against the proposed Big Stream platform is presented, investigating the system performance in terms of detection and elimination of malicious nodes. In particular, we propose a new module, denoted as Traffic Handler Orchestrator & Rapid Intervention (THORIN), which is very efficient in counteracting botnet-based threats.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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In order to make cloud services attractive for several IT organizations, it is necessary to provide access control and to implement safe and reliable mechanisms of Identity and Access Management (IAM). In this work, we focus on security issues and challenges in the design and implementation of cloud architectures and, in particular, for the management of Big Stream applications in Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios. The proposed work introduces a new set of modules allowing a federated access control policy for cloud users. An analysis of possible threats and attacks against the proposed Big Stream platform is presented, investigating the system performance in terms of detection and elimination of malicious nodes. In particular, we propose a new module, denoted as Traffic Handler Orchestrator & Rapid Intervention (THORIN), which is very efficient in counteracting botnet-based threats. |
2017
|
Luca Davoli; Yanina Protskaya; Luca Veltri An Anonymization Protocol for the Internet of Things Inproceedings 2017 International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), pp. 459–464, IEEE 2017, ISSN: 2154-0225. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @inproceedings{davoli:2017:iswcs,
title = {An Anonymization Protocol for the Internet of Things},
author = {Luca Davoli and Yanina Protskaya and Luca Veltri},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8108159/},
doi = {10.1109/ISWCS.2017.8108159},
issn = {2154-0225},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-16},
booktitle = {2017 International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)},
pages = {459--464},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to pervasively interconnect billions of devices, denoted as “smart objects”, in an Internet-like structure, which will extend the current Internet, enabling new forms of interactions between objects based on social relationships. In such a scenario, security is a difficult and challenging task, and proper mechanisms should be defined without introducing too much protocol overhead and processing load. In particular, in this paper we focus on the anonymity of the communications and we propose a solution particularly suitable for such a constrained scenario. In the proposed solution IoT nodes form an Onion Routing anonymity network completely based on a datagram transport (e.g., over UDP). Confidentiality is completely enforced by the anonymity network and no other security protocols, such as IPSec or DTLS, are required. The proposed solution has been also implemented and tested.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to pervasively interconnect billions of devices, denoted as “smart objects”, in an Internet-like structure, which will extend the current Internet, enabling new forms of interactions between objects based on social relationships. In such a scenario, security is a difficult and challenging task, and proper mechanisms should be defined without introducing too much protocol overhead and processing load. In particular, in this paper we focus on the anonymity of the communications and we propose a solution particularly suitable for such a constrained scenario. In the proposed solution IoT nodes form an Onion Routing anonymity network completely based on a datagram transport (e.g., over UDP). Confidentiality is completely enforced by the anonymity network and no other security protocols, such as IPSec or DTLS, are required. The proposed solution has been also implemented and tested. |
Luca Davoli; Laura Belli; Antonio Cilfone; Gianluigi Ferrari From Micro to Macro IoT: Challenges and Solutions in the Integration of IEEE 802.15.4/802.11 and Sub-GHz Technologies Journal Article IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 5 (2), pp. 784-793, 2017, ISSN: 2327-4662. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @article{dabecife:iotj:2017,
title = {From Micro to Macro IoT: Challenges and Solutions in the Integration of IEEE 802.15.4/802.11 and Sub-GHz Technologies},
author = {Luca Davoli and Laura Belli and Antonio Cilfone and Gianluigi Ferrari},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8024171/},
doi = {10.1109/JIOT.2017.2747900},
issn = {2327-4662},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-09-01},
journal = {IEEE Internet of Things Journal},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {784-793},
abstract = {Research efforts in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) are providing solutions in building new types of “network of networks,” going beyond the technological barriers due to intrinsic limitations of the constrained devices typically used in this context. Thanks to the improvement in communication/networking protocols and the hardware cost reduction, it is now possible to define new IoT architectures, combining the “micro” IoT paradigm, based on short-range radio technologies (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11), with the rising “macro” IoT paradigm, based on sub-GHz radio technologies. This allows the implementation of scalable network architectures, able to collect data coming from constrained devices and process them in order to provide useful services and applications to final consumers. In this paper, we focus on practical integration between micro and macro IoT approaches, providing architectural and performance details for a set of experimental tests carried out in the campus of the University of Parma. We then discuss challenges and solutions of the proposed micro–macro integrated IoT systems.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Research efforts in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) are providing solutions in building new types of “network of networks,” going beyond the technological barriers due to intrinsic limitations of the constrained devices typically used in this context. Thanks to the improvement in communication/networking protocols and the hardware cost reduction, it is now possible to define new IoT architectures, combining the “micro” IoT paradigm, based on short-range radio technologies (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11), with the rising “macro” IoT paradigm, based on sub-GHz radio technologies. This allows the implementation of scalable network architectures, able to collect data coming from constrained devices and process them in order to provide useful services and applications to final consumers. In this paper, we focus on practical integration between micro and macro IoT approaches, providing architectural and performance details for a set of experimental tests carried out in the campus of the University of Parma. We then discuss challenges and solutions of the proposed micro–macro integrated IoT systems. |
2016
|
Luca Davoli; Laura Belli; Antonio Cilfone; Gianluigi Ferrari Integration of Wi-Fi mobile nodes in a Web of Things Testbed Journal Article ICT Express, 2 (3), pp. 96 - 99, 2016, ISSN: 2405-9595, (Special Issue on ICT Convergence in the Internet of Things (IoT)). Abstract | Links | BibTeX @article{Davoli201696,
title = {Integration of Wi-Fi mobile nodes in a Web of Things Testbed},
author = {Luca Davoli and Laura Belli and Antonio Cilfone and Gianluigi Ferrari},
editor = {Yacine Ghamri-Doudane and Yeong Min Jang and Daeyoung Kim and Hossam Hassanein and JaeSeung Song},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959516300637},
doi = {10.1016/j.icte.2016.07.001},
issn = {2405-9595},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-08-05},
journal = {ICT Express},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
pages = {96 - 99},
abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is supposed to connect billions of devices to the Internet through IP-based communications. The main goal is to foster a rapid deployment of Web-enabled everyday objects, allowing end users to manage and control smart things in a simple way, by using Web browsers. This paper focuses on the integration of Wi-Fi nodes, hosting HTTP resources, into a Web of Things Testbed (WoTT). The main novelty of the proposed approach is that the WoTT integrates new nodes by using only standard mechanisms, allowing end-users to interact with all Smart Objects without worrying about protocol-specific details.},
note = {Special Issue on ICT Convergence in the Internet of Things (IoT)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Internet of Things (IoT) is supposed to connect billions of devices to the Internet through IP-based communications. The main goal is to foster a rapid deployment of Web-enabled everyday objects, allowing end users to manage and control smart things in a simple way, by using Web browsers. This paper focuses on the integration of Wi-Fi nodes, hosting HTTP resources, into a Web of Things Testbed (WoTT). The main novelty of the proposed approach is that the WoTT integrates new nodes by using only standard mechanisms, allowing end-users to interact with all Smart Objects without worrying about protocol-specific details. |
Stefano Salsano; Luca Veltri; Luca Davoli; Pier Luigi Ventre; Giuseppe Siracusano PMSR - Poor Man's Segment Routing, a minimalistic approach to Segment Routing and a Traffic Engineering use case Inproceedings NOMS 2016 - 2016 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, pp. 598-604, Istanbul, Turkey, 2016. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @inproceedings{salsano:noms2016,
title = {PMSR - Poor Man's Segment Routing, a minimalistic approach to Segment Routing and a Traffic Engineering use case},
author = {Stefano Salsano and Luca Veltri and Luca Davoli and Pier Luigi Ventre and Giuseppe Siracusano},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7502864},
doi = {10.1109/NOMS.2016.7502864},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-07-06},
booktitle = {NOMS 2016 - 2016 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium},
pages = {598-604},
address = {Istanbul, Turkey},
abstract = {The current specification of the Segment Routing (SR) architecture requires enhancements to the intradomain routing protocols (e.g. OSPF and IS-IS) so that the nodes can advertise the Segment Identifiers (SIDs). We propose a simpler solution called PMSR (Poor Man's Segment Routing), that does not require any enhancement to routing protocol. We compare the procedures of PMSR with traditional SR, showing that PMSR can reduce the operation and management complexity. We analyze the set of use cases in the current SR drafts and we claim that PMSR can support the large majority of them. Thanks to the drastic simplification of the control plane, we have been able to develop an open source prototype of PMSR. In the second part of the paper, we consider a Traffic Engineering use case, starting from a traditional flow assignment optimization problem, which allocates hop-by-hop paths to flows. We propose a SR path assignment algorithm and prove that it is optimal with respect to the number of segments allocated to a flow.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The current specification of the Segment Routing (SR) architecture requires enhancements to the intradomain routing protocols (e.g. OSPF and IS-IS) so that the nodes can advertise the Segment Identifiers (SIDs). We propose a simpler solution called PMSR (Poor Man's Segment Routing), that does not require any enhancement to routing protocol. We compare the procedures of PMSR with traditional SR, showing that PMSR can reduce the operation and management complexity. We analyze the set of use cases in the current SR drafts and we claim that PMSR can support the large majority of them. Thanks to the drastic simplification of the control plane, we have been able to develop an open source prototype of PMSR. In the second part of the paper, we consider a Traffic Engineering use case, starting from a traditional flow assignment optimization problem, which allocates hop-by-hop paths to flows. We propose a SR path assignment algorithm and prove that it is optimal with respect to the number of segments allocated to a flow. |
Laura Belli; Simone Cirani; Luca Davoli; Gianluigi Ferrari; Lorenzo Melegari; Marco Picone Applying Security to a Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things Journal Article International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies (IJDST), 7 (1), pp. 37-58, 2016, ISSN: 1947-3532. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @article{becidafemepi2016,
title = {Applying Security to a Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things},
author = {Laura Belli and Simone Cirani and Luca Davoli and Gianluigi Ferrari and Lorenzo Melegari and Marco Picone},
editor = {IGI Global},
doi = {10.4018/IJDST.2016010103},
issn = {1947-3532},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-14},
journal = {International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies (IJDST)},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {37-58},
publisher = {IGI Global},
abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to interconnect billions (around 50 by 2020) of heterogeneous sensor/actuator-equipped devices denoted as Smart Objects (SOs), characterized by constrained resources in terms of memory, processing, and communication reliability. Several IoT applications have real-time and low-latency requirements and must rely on architectures specifically designed to manage gigantic streams of information (in terms of number of data sources and transmission data rate). We refer to Big Stream as the paradigm which best fits the selected IoT scenario, in contrast to the traditional Big Data concept, which does not consider real-time constraints. Moreover, there are many security concerns related to IoT devices and to the Cloud. In this paper, we analyze security aspects in a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications, which efficiently handles Big Stream data through a Graph-based platform and delivers processed data to consumers, with low latency. The authors detail each module defined in the system architecture, describing all refinements required to make the platform able to secure large data streams. An experimentation is also conducted in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture when integrating security mechanisms.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to interconnect billions (around 50 by 2020) of heterogeneous sensor/actuator-equipped devices denoted as Smart Objects (SOs), characterized by constrained resources in terms of memory, processing, and communication reliability. Several IoT applications have real-time and low-latency requirements and must rely on architectures specifically designed to manage gigantic streams of information (in terms of number of data sources and transmission data rate). We refer to Big Stream as the paradigm which best fits the selected IoT scenario, in contrast to the traditional Big Data concept, which does not consider real-time constraints. Moreover, there are many security concerns related to IoT devices and to the Cloud. In this paper, we analyze security aspects in a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications, which efficiently handles Big Stream data through a Graph-based platform and delivers processed data to consumers, with low latency. The authors detail each module defined in the system architecture, describing all refinements required to make the platform able to secure large data streams. An experimentation is also conducted in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture when integrating security mechanisms. |
2015
|
Stefano Salsano; Luca Veltri; Luca Davoli; Pier Luigi Ventre; Giuseppe Siracusano PMSR - Poor Man's Segment Routing, a minimalistic approach to Segment Routing and a Traffic Engineering use case Journal Article CoRR, abs/1512.05281 , 2015. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @article{SaVeDaVeSi_arXiv_2015,
title = {PMSR - Poor Man\'s Segment Routing, a minimalistic approach to Segment Routing and a Traffic Engineering use case},
author = {Stefano Salsano and Luca Veltri and Luca Davoli and Pier Luigi Ventre and Giuseppe Siracusano},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.05281},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-12-16},
journal = {CoRR},
volume = {abs/1512.05281},
abstract = {The current specification of the Segment Routing (SR) architecture requires enhancements to the intra-domain routing protocols (e.g. OSPF and IS-IS) so that the nodes can advertise the Segment Identifiers (SIDs). We propose a simpler solution called PMSR (Poor Man\'s Segment Routing), that does not require any enhancement to routing protocol. We compare the procedures of PMSR with traditional SR, showing that PMSR can reduce the operation and management complexity. We analyze the set of use cases in the current SR drafts and we claim that PMSR can support the large majority of them. Thanks to the drastic simplification of the Control Plane, we have been able to develop an Open Source prototype of PMSR. In the second part of the paper, we consider a Traffic Engineering use case, starting from a traditional flow assignment optimization problem which allocates hop-by-hop paths to flows. We propose a SR path assignment algorithm and prove that it is optimal with respect to the number of segments allocated to a flow.},
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The current specification of the Segment Routing (SR) architecture requires enhancements to the intra-domain routing protocols (e.g. OSPF and IS-IS) so that the nodes can advertise the Segment Identifiers (SIDs). We propose a simpler solution called PMSR (Poor Man's Segment Routing), that does not require any enhancement to routing protocol. We compare the procedures of PMSR with traditional SR, showing that PMSR can reduce the operation and management complexity. We analyze the set of use cases in the current SR drafts and we claim that PMSR can support the large majority of them. Thanks to the drastic simplification of the Control Plane, we have been able to develop an Open Source prototype of PMSR. In the second part of the paper, we consider a Traffic Engineering use case, starting from a traditional flow assignment optimization problem which allocates hop-by-hop paths to flows. We propose a SR path assignment algorithm and prove that it is optimal with respect to the number of segments allocated to a flow. |
Luca Davoli; Luca Veltri; Pier Luigi Ventre; Giuseppe Siracusano; Stefano Salsano Traffic Engineering with Segment Routing: SDN-Based Architectural Design and Open Source Implementation Inproceedings 2015 Fourth European Workshop on Software Defined Networks (EWSDN), pp. 111-112, 2015. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @inproceedings{EWSDN2015,
title = {Traffic Engineering with Segment Routing: SDN-Based Architectural Design and Open Source Implementation},
author = {Luca Davoli and Luca Veltri and Pier Luigi Ventre and Giuseppe Siracusano and Stefano Salsano},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7313628},
doi = {10.1109/EWSDN.2015.73},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-11-04},
booktitle = {2015 Fourth European Workshop on Software Defined Networks (EWSDN)},
pages = {111-112},
abstract = {Traffic Engineering (TE) in IP carrier networks is one of the functions that can benefit from the Software Defined Networking paradigm. However traditional per-flow routing requires a direct interaction between the SDN controller and each node that is involved in the traffic paths. Segment Routing (SR) may simplify the route enforcement delegating all the configuration and per-flow state at the border of the network. In this work we propose an architecture that integrates the SDN paradigm with SR based TE, for which we have provided an open source reference implementation. We have designed and implemented a simple TE/SR heuristic for flow allocation and we show and discuss experimental results.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
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Traffic Engineering (TE) in IP carrier networks is one of the functions that can benefit from the Software Defined Networking paradigm. However traditional per-flow routing requires a direct interaction between the SDN controller and each node that is involved in the traffic paths. Segment Routing (SR) may simplify the route enforcement delegating all the configuration and per-flow state at the border of the network. In this work we propose an architecture that integrates the SDN paradigm with SR based TE, for which we have provided an open source reference implementation. We have designed and implemented a simple TE/SR heuristic for flow allocation and we show and discuss experimental results. |
Laura Belli; Simone Cirani; Luca Davoli; Andrea Gorrieri; Mirko Mancin; Marco Picone; Gianluigi Ferrari Design and Deployment of an IoT Application-Oriented Testbed Journal Article Computer, 48 (9), pp. 32-40, 2015, ISSN: 0018-9162. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @article{ieee-computer-sep2015-testbed,
title = {Design and Deployment of an IoT Application-Oriented Testbed},
author = {Laura Belli and Simone Cirani and Luca Davoli and Andrea Gorrieri and Mirko Mancin and Marco Picone and Gianluigi Ferrari},
editor = {IEEE},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7274422},
doi = {10.1109/MC.2015.253},
issn = {0018-9162},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-09-23},
journal = {Computer},
volume = {48},
number = {9},
pages = {32-40},
abstract = {The global reach and extreme heterogeneity of the Internet of Things present major application development challenges. Using the same Web-based approach underlying the Internet's evolution into the IoT, the Web of Things Testbed provides a stable, open, dynamic, and secure infrastructure to simplify application design and testing.},
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The global reach and extreme heterogeneity of the Internet of Things present major application development challenges. Using the same Web-based approach underlying the Internet's evolution into the IoT, the Web of Things Testbed provides a stable, open, dynamic, and secure infrastructure to simplify application design and testing. |
Laura Belli; Simone Cirani; Luca Davoli; Gianluigi Ferrari; Lorenzo Melegari; Màrius Montón; Marco Picone A Scalable Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things Journal Article International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering (IJSSOE), 5 (4), pp. 26-53, 2015, ISSN: 1947-3052. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @article{belli2015scalable,
title = {A Scalable Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things},
author = {Laura Belli and Simone Cirani and Luca Davoli and Gianluigi Ferrari and Lorenzo Melegari and Màrius Montón and Marco Picone},
editor = {IGI Global},
doi = {10.4018/IJSSOE.2015100102},
issn = {1947-3052},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-09-04},
journal = {International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering (IJSSOE)},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {26-53},
publisher = {IGI Global},
abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) will consist of billions (50 billions by 2020) of interconnected heterogeneous devices denoted as “Smart Objects:” tiny, constrained devices which are going to be pervasively deployed in several contexts. To meet low-latency requirements, IoT applications must rely on specific architectures designed to handle the gigantic stream of data coming from Smart Objects. This paper propose a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications that can efficiently handle data coming from Smart Objects through a Graph-based processing platform and deliver processed data to consumer applications with low latency. The authors reverse the traditional “Big Data” paradigm, where real-time constraints are not considered, and introduce the new “Big Stream” paradigm, which better fits IoT scenarios. The paper provides a performance evaluation of a practical open-source implementation of the proposed architecture. Other practical aspects, such as security considerations, and possible business oriented exploitation plans are presented.},
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The Internet of Things (IoT) will consist of billions (50 billions by 2020) of interconnected heterogeneous devices denoted as “Smart Objects:” tiny, constrained devices which are going to be pervasively deployed in several contexts. To meet low-latency requirements, IoT applications must rely on specific architectures designed to handle the gigantic stream of data coming from Smart Objects. This paper propose a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications that can efficiently handle data coming from Smart Objects through a Graph-based processing platform and deliver processed data to consumer applications with low latency. The authors reverse the traditional “Big Data” paradigm, where real-time constraints are not considered, and introduce the new “Big Stream” paradigm, which better fits IoT scenarios. The paper provides a performance evaluation of a practical open-source implementation of the proposed architecture. Other practical aspects, such as security considerations, and possible business oriented exploitation plans are presented. |
Luca Davoli; Luca Veltri; Pier Luigi Ventre; Giuseppe Siracusano; Stefano Salsano Traffic Engineering with Segment Routing: SDN-based Architectural Design and Open Source Implementation Journal Article CoRR, abs/1506.05941 , 2015. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @article{arxivDavoliEWSDNExt2015,
title = {Traffic Engineering with Segment Routing: SDN-based Architectural Design and Open Source Implementation},
author = {Luca Davoli and Luca Veltri and Pier Luigi Ventre and Giuseppe Siracusano and Stefano Salsano},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.05941},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-07-12},
journal = {CoRR},
volume = {abs/1506.05941},
abstract = {Traffic Engineering (TE) in IP carrier networks is one of the functions that can benefit from the Software Defined Networking paradigm. By logically centralizing the control of the network, it is possible to \"program\" per-flow routing based on TE goals. Traditional per-flow routing requires a direct interaction between the SDN controller and each node that is involved in the traffic paths. Depending on the granularity and on the temporal properties of the flows, this can lead to scalability issues for the amount of routing state that needs to be maintained in core network nodes and for the required configuration traffic. On the other hand, Segment Routing (SR) is an emerging approach to routing that may simplify the route enforcement delegating all the configuration and per-flow state at the border of the network. In this work we propose an architecture that integrates the SDN paradigm with SR-based TE, for which we have provided an open source reference implementation. We have designed and implemented a simple TE/SR heuristic for flow allocation and we show and discuss experimental results.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Traffic Engineering (TE) in IP carrier networks is one of the functions that can benefit from the Software Defined Networking paradigm. By logically centralizing the control of the network, it is possible to "program" per-flow routing based on TE goals. Traditional per-flow routing requires a direct interaction between the SDN controller and each node that is involved in the traffic paths. Depending on the granularity and on the temporal properties of the flows, this can lead to scalability issues for the amount of routing state that needs to be maintained in core network nodes and for the required configuration traffic. On the other hand, Segment Routing (SR) is an emerging approach to routing that may simplify the route enforcement delegating all the configuration and per-flow state at the border of the network. In this work we propose an architecture that integrates the SDN paradigm with SR-based TE, for which we have provided an open source reference implementation. We have designed and implemented a simple TE/SR heuristic for flow allocation and we show and discuss experimental results. |
Laura Belli; Simone Cirani; Luca Davoli; Lorenzo Melegari; Màrius Montón; Marco Picone An Open-Source Cloud Architecture for Big Stream IoT Applications Incollection Žarko, Ivana Podnar; Pripužić, Krešimir; Serrano, Martin (Ed.): Interoperability and Open-Source Solutions for the Internet of Things
(International Workshop, FP7 OpenIoT Project, Held in Conjunction with SoftCOM 2014, Split, Croatia, September 18, 2014, Invited , 9001 , pp. 73-88, Springer International Publishing, 2015, ISBN: 978-3-319-16545-5. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @incollection{softcom14BigStream,
title = {An Open-Source Cloud Architecture for Big Stream IoT Applications},
author = {Laura Belli and Simone Cirani and Luca Davoli and Lorenzo Melegari and Màrius Montón and Marco Picone},
editor = {Ivana Podnar Žarko and Krešimir Pripužić and Martin Serrano},
url = {http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-16546-2},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-16546-2_7},
isbn = {978-3-319-16545-5},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-03-11},
booktitle = {Interoperability and Open-Source Solutions for the Internet of Things
(International Workshop, FP7 OpenIoT Project, Held in Conjunction with SoftCOM 2014, Split, Croatia, September 18, 2014, Invited },
volume = {9001},
pages = {73-88},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is shaping to a worldwide network of networks consisting of billions of interconnected heterogeneous sensor/actuator-equipped devices (denoted as "things" or "smart objects"), which are expected to exceed 50 billions by 2020. Smart objects, which will be pervasively deployed, are constrained devices with i) limited processing power and available memory and ii) limited communication capabilities, in terms of transmission rate and reliability. Future Smart-X applications, such as Smart Cities and Home Automation, will be fostered by the use of standard and interoperable IP-based communication protocols that smart objects are going to implement, by simplifying their development, integration, and deployment. Smart-X applications will significantly differ from traditional Internet services, in terms of: i) the number of data sources; ii) rate of information exchange; and, iii) need for real-time processing. Because of these requirements, such services are denoted as "Big Stream" applications, in order to distinguish them from traditional Big Data applications. In this paper, we present an implementation of a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications based on standard protocols and open-source components, which provides a scalable and efficient processing platform for IoT applications, designed to be open and extensible and to guarantee minimal latency between data generation and consumption. We also provide a performance evaluation based on experimentation in a real-world Smart Parking scenario, to assess the feasibility and scalability of the proposed architecture.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
The Internet of Things (IoT) is shaping to a worldwide network of networks consisting of billions of interconnected heterogeneous sensor/actuator-equipped devices (denoted as "things" or "smart objects"), which are expected to exceed 50 billions by 2020. Smart objects, which will be pervasively deployed, are constrained devices with i) limited processing power and available memory and ii) limited communication capabilities, in terms of transmission rate and reliability. Future Smart-X applications, such as Smart Cities and Home Automation, will be fostered by the use of standard and interoperable IP-based communication protocols that smart objects are going to implement, by simplifying their development, integration, and deployment. Smart-X applications will significantly differ from traditional Internet services, in terms of: i) the number of data sources; ii) rate of information exchange; and, iii) need for real-time processing. Because of these requirements, such services are denoted as "Big Stream" applications, in order to distinguish them from traditional Big Data applications. In this paper, we present an implementation of a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications based on standard protocols and open-source components, which provides a scalable and efficient processing platform for IoT applications, designed to be open and extensible and to guarantee minimal latency between data generation and consumption. We also provide a performance evaluation based on experimentation in a real-world Smart Parking scenario, to assess the feasibility and scalability of the proposed architecture. |
2014
|
Simone Cirani; Luca Davoli; Gianluigi Ferrari; Rèmy Lèone; Paolo Medagliani; Marco Picone; Luca Veltri A Scalable and Self-Configuring Architecture for Service Discovery in the Internet of Things Journal Article Internet of Things Journal, IEEE, 1 (5), pp. 508-521, 2014, ISSN: 2327-4662. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @article{iotJournalServiceDiscovery,
title = {A Scalable and Self-Configuring Architecture for Service Discovery in the Internet of Things},
author = {Simone Cirani and Luca Davoli and Gianluigi Ferrari and Rèmy Lèone and Paolo Medagliani and Marco Picone and Luca Veltri},
editor = {IEEE},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6899579},
doi = {10.1109/JIOT.2014.2358296},
issn = {2327-4662},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-09-16},
journal = {Internet of Things Journal, IEEE},
volume = {1},
number = {5},
pages = {508-521},
abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) aims at connecting billions of devices in an Internet-like structure. This gigantic information exchange enables new opportunities and new forms of interactions among things and people. A crucial enabler of robust applications and easy smart objects’ deployment is the availability of mechanisms that minimize (ideally, cancel) the need for external human intervention for configuration and maintenance of deployed objects. These mechanisms must also be scalable, since the number of deployed objects is expected to constantly grow in the next years. In this work, we propose a scalable and self-configuring Peer-to-Peer (P2P)-based architecture for large-scale IoT networks, aiming at providing automated service and resource discovery mechanisms, which require no human intervention for their configuration. In particular, we focus on both local and global service discovery, showing how the proposed architecture allows the local and global mechanisms to successfully interact, while keeping their mutual independence (from an operational viewpoint). The effectiveness of the proposed architecture is confirmed by experimental results obtained through a real-world deployment.},
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The Internet of Things (IoT) aims at connecting billions of devices in an Internet-like structure. This gigantic information exchange enables new opportunities and new forms of interactions among things and people. A crucial enabler of robust applications and easy smart objects’ deployment is the availability of mechanisms that minimize (ideally, cancel) the need for external human intervention for configuration and maintenance of deployed objects. These mechanisms must also be scalable, since the number of deployed objects is expected to constantly grow in the next years. In this work, we propose a scalable and self-configuring Peer-to-Peer (P2P)-based architecture for large-scale IoT networks, aiming at providing automated service and resource discovery mechanisms, which require no human intervention for their configuration. In particular, we focus on both local and global service discovery, showing how the proposed architecture allows the local and global mechanisms to successfully interact, while keeping their mutual independence (from an operational viewpoint). The effectiveness of the proposed architecture is confirmed by experimental results obtained through a real-world deployment. |
Simone Cirani; Luca Davoli; Marco Picone; Luca Veltri Performance Evaluation of a SIP-based Constrained Peer-to-Peer Overlay Conference International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS), 5th International Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Peer-to-Peer and Autonomic Systems (MOSPAS), July 21-25 2014, IEEE, 2014, ISBN: 978-1-4799-5312-7. Abstract | Links | BibTeX @conference{Cirani20140721,
title = {Performance Evaluation of a SIP-based Constrained Peer-to-Peer Overlay},
author = {Simone Cirani and Luca Davoli and Marco Picone and Luca Veltri},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6903717},
doi = {10.1109/HPCSim.2014.6903717},
isbn = {978-1-4799-5312-7},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-07-21},
booktitle = {International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS), 5th International Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Peer-to-Peer and Autonomic Systems (MOSPAS), July 21-25 2014},
pages = {432-435},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {In recent years, due to the development and innovation in hardware and software, the scenario of a global worldwide network capable of interconnecting both traditional nodes and new Smart Objects (the Internet of Things) is coming true. The Internet of Things (IoT) will involve billions of communicating heterogeneous devices, using different protocols in order to enable new forms of interaction between things and people. In this context, due to scalability, fault-tolerance, and self-configuration requirements, peer-to-peer(P2P) architectures are very appealing in many large-scale IoT scenarios. However, due to memory, processing, and power limitations of constrained devices, the use of specific signaling protocols for the maintenance of the P2P overlay is a critical point. In this paper we present a performance evaluation of a real DHT-based P2P overlay in order to understand the benefits in terms of bandwidth consumption and transmitted/received data when a constrained SIP-based protocol, denoted as CoSIP, is used as P2P signaling protocol.},
key = {Internet of Things, Peer-to-Peer, SIP, CoAP, CoSIP},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
In recent years, due to the development and innovation in hardware and software, the scenario of a global worldwide network capable of interconnecting both traditional nodes and new Smart Objects (the Internet of Things) is coming true. The Internet of Things (IoT) will involve billions of communicating heterogeneous devices, using different protocols in order to enable new forms of interaction between things and people. In this context, due to scalability, fault-tolerance, and self-configuration requirements, peer-to-peer(P2P) architectures are very appealing in many large-scale IoT scenarios. However, due to memory, processing, and power limitations of constrained devices, the use of specific signaling protocols for the maintenance of the P2P overlay is a critical point. In this paper we present a performance evaluation of a real DHT-based P2P overlay in order to understand the benefits in terms of bandwidth consumption and transmitted/received data when a constrained SIP-based protocol, denoted as CoSIP, is used as P2P signaling protocol. |
