@article{dapafe:2021:drones,

title = {Hybrid LoRa-IEEE 802.11s Opportunistic Mesh Networking for Flexible UAV Swarming},

author = {Luca Davoli and Emanuele Pagliari and Gianluigi Ferrari},

doi = {10.3390/drones5020026},

issn = {2504-446X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-24},

journal = {Drones},

volume = {5},

number = {2},

abstract = {Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and small drones are nowadays being widely used in heterogeneous use cases: aerial photography, precise agriculture, inspections, environmental data collection, search-and-rescue operations, surveillance applications, and more. When designing UAV swarm-based applications, a key “ingredient” to make them effective is the communication system (possible involving multiple protocols) shared by flying drones and terrestrial base stations. When compared to ground communication systems for swarms of terrestrial vehicles, one of the main advantages of UAV-based communications is the presence of direct Line-of-Sight (LOS) links between flying UAVs operating at an altitude of tens of meters, often ensuring direct visibility among themselves and even with some ground Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs). Therefore, the adoption of proper networking strategies for UAV swarms allows users to exchange data at distances (significantly) longer than in ground applications. In this paper, we propose a hybrid communication architecture for UAV swarms, leveraging heterogeneous radio mesh networking based on long-range communication protocols—such as LoRa and LoRaWAN—and IEEE 802.11s protocols. We then discuss its strengths, constraints, viable implementation, and relevant reference use cases.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{codafe:2021:sensors,

title = {Forecasting Air Temperature on Edge Devices with Embedded AI},

author = {Gaia Codeluppi and Luca Davoli and Gianluigi Ferrari},

doi = {10.3390/s21123973},

issn = {1424-8220},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-09},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {21},

number = {12},

pages = {1-29},

abstract = {With the advent of the Smart Agriculture, the joint utilization of Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) holds the promise to significantly improve agricultural production and sustainability. In this paper, the design of a Neural Network (NN)-based prediction model of a greenhouse’s internal air temperature, to be deployed and run on an edge device with constrained capabilities, is investigated. The model relies on a time series-oriented approach, taking as input variables the past and present values of the air temperature to forecast the future ones. In detail, we evaluate three different NN architecture types—namely, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, Recurrent NNs (RNNs) and Artificial NNs (ANNs)—with various values of the sliding window associated with input data. Experimental results show that the three best-performing models have a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) value in the range 0.289÷0.402°C, a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) in the range of 0.87÷1.04%, and a coefficient of determination (R2) not smaller than 0.997. The overall best performing model, based on an ANN, has a good prediction performance together with low computational and architectural complexities (evaluated on the basis of the NetScore metric), making its deployment on an edge device feasible.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{dapacabaviabfe,

title = {Ultrasonic-Based Environmental Perception for Mobile 5G-Oriented XR Applications},

author = { Luca Davoli and Ioannis Paraskevopoulos and Cinzia Campanella and Stefano Bauro and Tommaso Vio and Andrea Abrardo and Gianluigi Ferrari},

doi = {10.3390/s21041329},

issn = {1424-8220},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-13},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {21},

number = {4},

pages = {1329},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {One of the sectors that is expected to significantly benefit from 5G network deployment is eXtended Reality (XR). Besides the very high bandwidth, reliability, and Quality of Service (QoS) to be delivered to end users, XR also requires accurate environmental perception for safety reasons: this is fundamental when a user, wearing XR equipment, is immersed in a “virtual” world, but moves in a “real” environment. To overcome this limitation (especially when using low-cost XR equipments, such as cardboards worn by the end user), it is possible to exploit the potentialities offered by Internet of Things (IoT) nodes with sensing/actuating capabilities. In this paper, we rely on ultrasonic sensor-based IoT systems to perceive the surrounding environment and to provide “side information” to XR systems, then performing a preliminary experimental characterization campaign with different ultrasonic IoT system configurations worn by the end user. The combination of the information flows associated with XR and IoT components is enabled by 5G technology. An illustrative experimental scenario, relative to a “Tourism 4.0” IoT-aided VR application deployed by Vodafone in Milan, Italy, is presented.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Davoli_2020,

title = {On Driver Behavior Recognition for Increased Safety: A Roadmap},

author = {Luca Davoli and Marco Martalò and Antonio Cilfone and Laura Belli and Gianluigi Ferrari and Roberta Presta and Roberto Montanari and Maura Mengoni and Luca Giraldi and Elvio G. Amparore and Marco Botta and Idilio Drago and Giuseppe Carbonara and Andrea Castellano and Johan Plomp},

doi = {10.3390/safety6040055},

issn = {2313-576X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-24},

journal = {Safety},

volume = {6},

number = {4},

pages = {1-33},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADASs) are used for increasing safety in the automotive domain, yet current ADASs notably operate without taking into account drivers’ states, e.g., whether she/he is emotionally apt to drive. In this paper, we first review the state-of-the-art of emotional and cognitive analysis for ADAS: we consider psychological models, the sensors needed for capturing physiological signals, and the typical algorithms used for human emotion classification. Our investigation highlights a lack of advanced Driver Monitoring Systems (DMSs) for ADASs, which could increase driving quality and security for both drivers and passengers. We then provide our view on a novel perception architecture for driver monitoring, built around the concept of Driver Complex State (DCS). DCS relies on multiple non-obtrusive sensors and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for uncovering the driver state and uses it to implement innovative Human–Machine Interface (HMI) functionalities. This concept will be implemented and validated in the recently EU-funded NextPerception project, which is briefly introduced.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Belli2020,

title = {IoT-Enabled Smart Sustainable Cities: Challenges and Approaches},

author = {Laura Belli and Antonio Cilfone and Luca Davoli and Gianluigi Ferrari and Paolo Adorni and Francesco Di Nocera and Alessandro Dall'Olio and Cristina Pellegrini and Marco Mordacci and Enzo Bertolotti},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2624-6511/3/3/52},

doi = {10.3390/smartcities3030052},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-18},

journal = {Smart Cities},

volume = {3},

pages = {1039-1071},

abstract = {The ongoing diffusion of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is opening new possibilities, and one of the most remarkable applications is associated with the smart city paradigm, which is continuously evolving. In general, it can be defined as the integration of IoT and Information Communication Technologies (ICT) into city management, with the aim of addressing the exponential growth of urbanization and population, thus significantly increasing people’s quality of life. The smart city paradigm is also strictly connected to sustainability aspects, taking into account, for example, the reduction of environmental impact of urban activities, the optimized management of energy resources, and the design of innovative services and solution for citizens. Abiding by this new paradigm, several cities started a process of strong innovation in different fields (such as mobility and transportation, industry, health, tourism, and education), thanks to significant investments provided by stakeholders and the European Commission (EC). In this paper, we analyze key aspects of an IoT infrastructure for smart cities, outlining the innovations implemented in the city of Parma (Emilia Romagna region, Italy) as a successful example. Special attention is dedicated to the theme of smart urban mobility.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cocidafe:2020:sensors,

title = {LoRaFarM: A LoRaWAN-Based Smart Farming Modular IoT Architecture},

author = {Gaia Codeluppi and Antonio Cilfone and Luca Davoli and Gianluigi Ferrari},

doi = {10.3390/s20072028},

issn = {1424-8220},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-04-04},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {20},

number = {7},

abstract = {Presently, the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT)-related technologies in the Smart Farming domain is rapidly emerging. The ultimate goal is to collect, monitor, and effectively employ relevant data for agricultural processes, with the purpose of achieving an optimized and more environmentally sustainable agriculture. In this paper, a low-cost, modular, and Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN)-based IoT platform, denoted as “LoRaWAN-based Smart Farming Modular IoT Architecture” (LoRaFarM), and aimed at improving the management of generic farms in a highly customizable way, is presented. The platform, built around a core middleware, is easily extensible with ad-hoc low-level modules (feeding the middleware with data coming from the sensors deployed in the farm) or high-level modules (providing advanced functionalities to the farmer). The proposed platform has been evaluated in a real farm in Italy, collecting environmental data (air/soil temperature and humidity) related to the growth of farm products (namely grapes and greenhouse vegetables) over a period of three months. A web-based visualization tool for the collected data is also presented, to validate the LoRaFarM architecture.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{mamebeda:2019:maco,

title = {Internet of Things e Industria 4.0. Un case study di successo di digital manufacturing},

author = {Pier Luigi Marchini and Alice Medioli and Laura Belli and Luca Davoli},

url = {http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/Scheda_rivista.aspx?idArticolo=65143},

doi = {10.3280/MACO2019-003002},

issn = {2239-4397},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-12-19},

journal = {Management Control},

number = {3},

pages = {11-34},

abstract = {The value creation through production is currently shaped by Industry 4.0, whose paradigm aims at improving industry management and business processes. Through a case study, this research describes the renovation steps, in a manufac-turing environment. The research aims to study how the introduction of digital in-novation helps in making more efficient and time saving production (RQ1), as well as in increasing product quality, enabling on time detection of non-conformity (RQ2). At theoretical level, the research aims to close the gap between the Internet of Things (IoT) application and real-word aspects, analyzing how an industry 4.0 transformation could be modelled and implemented. At managerial level, the study shows how IoT technologies and process digitalization should provide ad-vantages in terms of cost reduction, product quality control, allowing continuous collection of heterogeneous data useful to optimize the production further.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{modafe:2019:iotj,

title = {A Wave-Based Request-Response Protocol for Latency Minimization in WSNs},

author = {Riccardo Monica and Luca Davoli and Gianluigi Ferrari},

doi = {10.1109/JIOT.2019.2914578},

issn = {2327-4662},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-10-10},

journal = {IEEE Internet of Things Journal},

volume = {6},

number = {5},

pages = {7971-7979},

abstract = {Transmission latency is a key performance metrics in most wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. Nodes in a WSN often keep their radio transceivers off, and turn them on periodically using a duty cycling mechanism. The latter is a major source of delay in the network, because transmissions must wait for the next receiver wake-up. In this paper, we present a cross-layer approach to minimize latency of a request-response (RR) protocol adopted in an IEEE 802.15.4-based WSN where the IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPLs) is used. Extra wake-ups are generated dynamically to match the predicted arrival time of the response packet, in order to reduce the duty cycling delay. The proposed approach is verified with the Cooja simulator, relying on the Contiki operating system (OS). The observed experimental results show a shorter RR delay with respect to a phase alignment (PA) approach.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{bedamemafe:2019:frontiers,

title = {Toward Industry 4.0 With IoT: Optimizing Business Processes in an Evolving Manufacturing Factory},

author = { Laura Belli and Luca Davoli and Alice Medioli and Pier Luigi Marchini and Gianluigi Ferrari},

doi = {10.3389/fict.2019.00017},

issn = {2297-198X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-08-28},

journal = {Frontiers in ICT},

volume = {6},

pages = {17},

abstract = {Research advances in the last decades have allowed the introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) concepts in several industrial application scenarios, leading to the so-called Industry 4.0 or Industrial IoT (IIoT). The Industry 4.0 has the ambition to revolutionize industry management and business processes, enhancing the productivity of manufacturing technologies through field data collection and analysis, thus creating real-time digital twins of industrial scenarios. Moreover, it is vital for companies to be as "smart" as possible and to adapt to the varying nature of the digital supply chains. This is possible by leveraging IoT in Industry 4.0 scenarios. In this paper, we describe the renovation process, guided by things2i s.r.l., a cross-disciplinary engineering-economic spin-off company of the University of Parma, which a real manufacturing industry is undergoing over consecutive phases spanning a few years. The first phase concerns the digitalization of the control quality process, specifically related to the company's production lines. The use of paper sheets containing different quality checks has been made smarter through the introduction of a digital, smart, and Web-based application, which is currently supporting operators and quality inspectors working on the supply chain through the use of smart devices. The second phase of the IIoT evolution - currently on-going - concerns both digitalization and optimization of the production planning activity, through an innovative Web-based planning tool. The changes introduced have led to significant advantages and improvement for the manufacturing company, in terms of: (i) impressive cost reduction; (ii) better products quality control; (iii) real-time detection and reaction to supply chain issues; (iv) significant reduction of the time spent in planning activity; and (v) resources employment optimization, thanks to the minimization of unproductive setup times on production lines. These two renovation phases represent a basis for possible future developments, such us the integration of sensor-based data on the operational status of production machines and the currently available warehouse supplies. In conclusion, the Industry 4.0-based on-going digitization process guided by things2i allows to continuously collect heterogeneous Human-to-Things (H2T) data, which can be used to optimize the partner manufacturing company as a whole entity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{vedapevaza:2019:softwarex,

title = {NEMO: A flexible and highly scalable network EMulatOr},

author = { Luca Veltri and Luca Davoli and Riccardo Pecori and Armando Vannucci and Francesco Zanichelli},

doi = {10.1016/j.softx.2019.100248},

issn = {2352-7110},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-06-20},

journal = {SoftwareX},

volume = {10},

pages = {1-7},

abstract = {Evaluating novel applications and protocols in realistic scenarios has always been a very important task for all stakeholders working in the networking field. Network emulation, being a trade-off between actual deployment and simulations, represents a very powerful solution to this issue, providing a working network platform without requiring the actual deployment of all network components. We present NEMO, a flexible and scalable Java-based network emulator, which can be used to emulate either only a single link, a portion of a network, or an entire network. NEMO is able to work in both real and virtual time, depending on the tested scenarios and goals, and it can be run as either a stand-alone instance on a single machine, or distributed among different network-connected machines, leading to distributed and highly scalable emulation infrastructures. Among different features, NEMO is also capable of virtualizing the execution of third-party Java applications by running them on top of virtual nodes, possibly attached to an emulated or external network.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cidabefe:2019:futureinternet,

title = {Wireless Mesh Networking: An IoT-Oriented Perspective Survey on Relevant Technologies},

author = {Antonio Cilfone and Luca Davoli and Laura Belli and Gianluigi Ferrari},

url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/4/99},

doi = {10.3390/fi11040099},

issn = {1999-5903},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-04-17},

journal = {Future Internet},

volume = {11},

number = {4},

abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT), being a "network of networks", promises to allow billions of humans and machines to interact with each other. Owing to this rapid growth, the deployment of IoT-oriented networks based on mesh topologies is very attractive, thanks to their scalability and reliability (in the presence of failures). In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of the following relevant wireless technologies: IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15.4-oriented, and Sub-GHz-based LoRa. Our goal is to highlight how various communication technologies may be suitable for mesh networking, either providing a native support or being adapted subsequently. Hence, we discuss how these wireless technologies, being either standard or proprietary, can adapt to IoT scenarios (e.g., smart cities and smart agriculture) in which the heterogeneity of the involved devices is a key feature. Finally, we provide reference use cases involving all the analyzed mesh-oriented technologies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{dacibefe:2019:fgcs,

title = {Design and experimental performance analysis of a B.A.T.M.A.N.-based double Wi-Fi interface mesh network},

author = {Luca Davoli and Antonio Cilfone and Laura Belli and Gianluigi Ferrari},

doi = {10.1016/j.future.2018.02.015},

issn = {0167-739X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Future Generation Computer Systems},

volume = {92},

pages = {593-603},

abstract = {Mesh networks and, in particular, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are gaining a growing interest because of their scalability, robustness, and ease of deployment. These characteristics make WMNs suitable for several applications, such as distributed sensing, monitoring, and public safety. In this paper, we describe a novel WMN implementation based on the use of low-cost double Wi-Fi interface embedded IoT-oriented devices. At each node, one interface provides external connectivity, whereas the other interface is used to create a mesh backbone. On the mesh side, the Better Approach To Mobile Ad-hoc Networking (B.A.T.M.A.N.) routing algorithm is used to route the traffic flows from external clients (possibly towards an Internet gateway), which can be IoT nodes and/or mobile nodes (e.g., smartphones and tablets). After providing a description of the architecture and relevant implementation details, we carry out an extensive experimental campaign to evaluate the WMN performance, especially in terms of the trade-off between throughput and number of hops.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{davoli:2019:applsci,

title = {DiRPL: A RPL-Based Resource and Service Discovery Algorithm for 6LoWPANs},

author = {Luca Davoli and Mattia Antonini and Gianluigi Ferrari},

url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/1/33},

doi = {10.3390/app9010033},

issn = {2076-3417},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Applied Sciences},

volume = {9},

number = {1},

pages = {15},

abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) will bring together billions of devices, denoted as Smart Objects (SOs), in an Internet-like architecture. Typically, SOs are embedded devices with severe constraints in terms of processing capabilities, available memory (RAM/ROM), and energy consumption. SOs tend to be deployed in environments in which the human intervention is not suitable or needs to be minimized (e.g., smart city maintenance). They must adapt to the surrounding environment by self-configuring: to this end, several mechanisms have been proposed (e.g., UPnP, ZeroConf, etc.). In this paper, we focus on IEEE 802.15.4 networks with IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) adaptation layer, where IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is the routing protocol of choice. In this context, we propose a lightweight RPL-based mechanism to Resource Discovery (RD) and Service Discovery (SD), denoted as DiRPL. In particular, DiRPL exploits the RPL handshake to detect new nodes in the network; resources are then simply discovered with a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) request and can thus be published in a local resource directory. A very attractive feature of the proposed DiRPL approach is that it builds on well-defined and well-known standard protocols. The performance of the proposed system is investigated with WisMote nodes deployed inside the Cooja simulator, running the Contiki operating system. Practical application scenarios to large-scale smart city monitoring, such as smart lighting and large-scale water consumption monitoring, are investigated.},

note = {Special Issue IoT for Smart Cities},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{dabecife:iotj:2018,

title = {From Micro to Macro IoT: Challenges and Solutions in the Integration of IEEE 802.15.4/802.11 and Sub-GHz Technologies},

author = {Luca Davoli and Laura Belli and Antonio Cilfone and Gianluigi Ferrari},

url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8024171/},

doi = {10.1109/JIOT.2017.2747900},

issn = {2327-4662},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-04-01},

journal = {IEEE Internet of Things Journal},

volume = {5},

number = {2},

pages = {784-793},

abstract = {Research efforts in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) are providing solutions in building new types of “network of networks,” going beyond the technological barriers due to intrinsic limitations of the constrained devices typically used in this context. Thanks to the improvement in communication/networking protocols and the hardware cost reduction, it is now possible to define new IoT architectures, combining the “micro” IoT paradigm, based on short-range radio technologies (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11), with the rising “macro” IoT paradigm, based on sub-GHz radio technologies. This allows the implementation of scalable network architectures, able to collect data coming from constrained devices and process them in order to provide useful services and applications to final consumers. In this paper, we focus on practical integration between micro and macro IoT approaches, providing architectural and performance details for a set of experimental tests carried out in the campus of the University of Parma. We then discuss challenges and solutions of the proposed micro–macro integrated IoT systems.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{dabevefe:2018:ccm,

title = {THORIN: an Efficient Module for Federated Access and Threat Mitigation in Big Stream Cloud Architectures},

author = {Luca Davoli and Laura Belli and Luca Veltri and Gianluigi Ferrari},

url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8327545/},

doi = {10.1109/MCC.2018.011791713},

issn = {2325-6095},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-03-28},

journal = {IEEE Cloud Computing},

volume = {5},

number = {1},

pages = {38-48},

abstract = {In order to make cloud services attractive for several IT organizations, it is necessary to provide access control and to implement safe and reliable mechanisms of Identity and Access Management (IAM). In this work, we focus on security issues and challenges in the design and implementation of cloud architectures and, in particular, for the management of Big Stream applications in Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios. The proposed work introduces a new set of modules allowing a federated access control policy for cloud users. An analysis of possible threats and attacks against the proposed Big Stream platform is presented, investigating the system performance in terms of detection and elimination of malicious nodes. In particular, we propose a new module, denoted as Traffic Handler Orchestrator & Rapid Intervention (THORIN), which is very efficient in counteracting botnet-based threats.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Davoli201696,

title = {Integration of Wi-Fi mobile nodes in a Web of Things Testbed},

author = {Luca Davoli and Laura Belli and Antonio Cilfone and Gianluigi Ferrari},

editor = {Yacine Ghamri-Doudane and Yeong Min Jang and Daeyoung Kim and Hossam Hassanein and JaeSeung Song},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959516300637},

doi = {10.1016/j.icte.2016.07.001},

issn = {2405-9595},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-08-05},

journal = {ICT Express},

volume = {2},

number = {3},

pages = {96 - 99},

abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is supposed to connect billions of devices to the Internet through IP-based communications. The main goal is to foster a rapid deployment of Web-enabled everyday objects, allowing end users to manage and control smart things in a simple way, by using Web browsers. This paper focuses on the integration of Wi-Fi nodes, hosting HTTP resources, into a Web of Things Testbed (WoTT). The main novelty of the proposed approach is that the WoTT integrates new nodes by using only standard mechanisms, allowing end-users to interact with all Smart Objects without worrying about protocol-specific details.},

note = {Special Issue on ICT Convergence in the Internet of Things (IoT)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{becidafemepi2016,

title = {Applying Security to a Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things},

author = {Laura Belli and Simone Cirani and Luca Davoli and Gianluigi Ferrari and Lorenzo Melegari and Marco Picone},

doi = {10.4018/IJDST.2016010103},

issn = {1947-3532},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-14},

journal = {International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies (IJDST)},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

pages = {37-58},

publisher = {IGI Global},

abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to interconnect billions (around 50 by 2020) of heterogeneous sensor/actuator-equipped devices denoted as “Smart Objects” (SOs), characterized by constrained resources in terms of memory, processing, and communication reliability. Several IoT applications have real-time and low-latency requirements and must rely on architectures specifically designed to manage gigantic streams of information (in terms of number of data sources and transmission data rate). We refer to “Big Stream” as the paradigm which best fits the selected IoT scenario, in contrast to the traditional “Big Data” concept, which does not consider real-time constraints. Moreover, there are many security concerns related to IoT devices and to the Cloud. In this paper, we analyze security aspects in a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications, which efficiently handles Big Stream data through a Graph-based platform and delivers processed data to consumers, with low latency. The authors detail each module defined in the system architecture, describing all refinements required to make the platform able to secure large data streams. An experimentation is also conducted in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture when integrating security mechanisms.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{SaVeDaVeSi_arXiv_2015,

title = {PMSR - Poor Man\'s Segment Routing, a minimalistic approach to Segment Routing and a Traffic Engineering use case},

author = {Stefano Salsano and Luca Veltri and Luca Davoli and Pier Luigi Ventre and Giuseppe Siracusano},

url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.05281},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-12-16},

journal = {CoRR},

volume = {abs/1512.05281},

abstract = {The current specification of the Segment Routing (SR) architecture requires enhancements to the intra-domain routing protocols (e.g. OSPF and IS-IS) so that the nodes can advertise the Segment Identifiers (SIDs). We propose a simpler solution called PMSR (Poor Man\'s Segment Routing), that does not require any enhancement to routing protocol. We compare the procedures of PMSR with traditional SR, showing that PMSR can reduce the operation and management complexity. We analyze the set of use cases in the current SR drafts and we claim that PMSR can support the large majority of them. Thanks to the drastic simplification of the Control Plane, we have been able to develop an Open Source prototype of PMSR. In the second part of the paper, we consider a Traffic Engineering use case, starting from a traditional flow assignment optimization problem which allocates hop-by-hop paths to flows. We propose a SR path assignment algorithm and prove that it is optimal with respect to the number of segments allocated to a flow.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ieee-computer-sep2015-testbed,

title = {Design and Deployment of an IoT Application-Oriented Testbed},

author = {Laura Belli and Simone Cirani and Luca Davoli and Andrea Gorrieri and Mirko Mancin and Marco Picone and Gianluigi Ferrari},

url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7274422},

doi = {10.1109/MC.2015.253},

issn = {0018-9162},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-09-23},

journal = {Computer},

volume = {48},

number = {9},

pages = {32-40},

abstract = {The global reach and extreme heterogeneity of the Internet of Things present major application development challenges. Using the same Web-based approach underlying the Internet's evolution into the IoT, the Web of Things Testbed provides a stable, open, dynamic, and secure infrastructure to simplify application design and testing.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{belli2015scalable,

title = {A Scalable Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things},

author = {Laura Belli and Simone Cirani and Luca Davoli and Gianluigi Ferrari and Lorenzo Melegari and Màrius Montón and Marco Picone},

doi = {10.4018/IJSSOE.2015100102},

issn = {1947-3052},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-09-04},

journal = {International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering (IJSSOE)},

volume = {5},

number = {4},

pages = {26-53},

publisher = {IGI Global},

abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) will consist of billions (50 billions by 2020) of interconnected heterogeneous devices denoted as “Smart Objects:” tiny, constrained devices which are going to be pervasively deployed in several contexts. To meet low-latency requirements, IoT applications must rely on specific architectures designed to handle the gigantic stream of data coming from Smart Objects. This paper propose a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications that can efficiently handle data coming from Smart Objects through a Graph-based processing platform and deliver processed data to consumer applications with low latency. The authors reverse the traditional “Big Data” paradigm, where real-time constraints are not considered, and introduce the new “Big Stream” paradigm, which better fits IoT scenarios. The paper provides a performance evaluation of a practical open-source implementation of the proposed architecture. Other practical aspects, such as security considerations, and possible business oriented exploitation plans are presented.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{arxivDavoliEWSDNExt2015,

title = {Traffic Engineering with Segment Routing: SDN-based Architectural Design and Open Source Implementation},

author = {Luca Davoli and Luca Veltri and Pier Luigi Ventre and Giuseppe Siracusano and Stefano Salsano},

url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.05941},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-07-12},

journal = {CoRR},

volume = {abs/1506.05941},

abstract = {Traffic Engineering (TE) in IP carrier networks is one of the functions that can benefit from the Software Defined Networking paradigm. By logically centralizing the control of the network, it is possible to \"program\" per-flow routing based on TE goals. Traditional per-flow routing requires a direct interaction between the SDN controller and each node that is involved in the traffic paths. Depending on the granularity and on the temporal properties of the flows, this can lead to scalability issues for the amount of routing state that needs to be maintained in core network nodes and for the required configuration traffic. On the other hand, Segment Routing (SR) is an emerging approach to routing that may simplify the route enforcement delegating all the configuration and per-flow state at the border of the network. In this work we propose an architecture that integrates the SDN paradigm with SR-based TE, for which we have provided an open source reference implementation. We have designed and implemented a simple TE/SR heuristic for flow allocation and we show and discuss experimental results.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{iotJournalServiceDiscovery,

title = {A Scalable and Self-Configuring Architecture for Service Discovery in the Internet of Things},

author = {Simone Cirani and Luca Davoli and Gianluigi Ferrari and Rèmy Lèone and Paolo Medagliani and Marco Picone and Luca Veltri},

url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6899579},

doi = {10.1109/JIOT.2014.2358296},

issn = {2327-4662},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-09-16},

journal = {Internet of Things Journal, IEEE},

volume = {1},

number = {5},

pages = {508-521},

abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) aims at connecting billions of devices in an Internet-like structure. This gigantic information exchange enables new opportunities and new forms of interactions among things and people. A crucial enabler of robust applications and easy smart objects’ deployment is the availability of mechanisms that minimize (ideally, cancel) the need for external human intervention for configuration and maintenance of deployed objects. These mechanisms must also be scalable, since the number of deployed objects is expected to constantly grow in the next years. In this work, we propose a scalable and self-configuring Peer-to-Peer (P2P)-based architecture for large-scale IoT networks, aiming at providing automated service and resource discovery mechanisms, which require no human intervention for their configuration. In particular, we focus on both local and global service discovery, showing how the proposed architecture allows the local and global mechanisms to successfully interact, while keeping their mutual independence (from an operational viewpoint). The effectiveness of the proposed architecture is confirmed by experimental results obtained through a real-world deployment.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}